Distribution of a stable isotope of chromium (53Cr) in serum, urine, and breast milk in lactating women

Mohamedshah, Farida Y.; Moser-Veillon, Phylis B.; Yamini, Sedigheh; Douglass, Larry W.; Anderson, Richard A.; Veillon, Claude

doi:10.1093/ajcn/67.6.1250

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Low level of Cr in milk may be due to the fact that amount transferred to milk is too low to be detected. The minimum excretion of Cr is through milk, as human study has shown, in which the supplemented isotope 53 Cr was detected in blood, but not in milk [51]. Van Bruwaene et al [52] monitored Cr metabolism in lactating cows and only 3.6 % excrement in milk was reported.…”

Section: Milk Mineral Content and Blood Biochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium Supplements in the Feed for Lactating Murrah Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): Influence on Nutrient Utilization, Lactation Performance, and Metabolic Responses

Deka

Mani

Kumar

et al. 2015

Biol Trace Elem Res

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of inorganic chromium (Cr) on nutrient intake, nutrient utilization, milk mineral contents, and blood biochemical in lactating Murrah buffaloes. Twenty-four multifarious Murrah buffaloes were blocked into four groups having six animals in each group and fed for 150 days post-partum. Feeding regimen was same in all the groups except that treatment groups were supplemented with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg inorganic Cr/kg dry matter (DM) in the four respective groups. Group fed on basal diet supplemented with 0.0 mg Cr/kg DM served as a control. Adding inorganic Cr to the diet of lactating buffaloes increased feed intake, milk yield, and nutrient digestibility. Nitrogen (N) and Cr balance were significantly increased (P<0.05) by adding Cr. Milk and plasma Cr concentration could be increased by adding Cr (P<0.001), while no significant differences were found between the four treatments in milk and plasma concentration of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Feeding of diet supplemented with inorganic Cr decreased plasma insulin concentration (P=0.016). Concentration of blood glucose and the ratio of blood glucose to insulin were increased by adding Cr (P=0.037 and P=0.011, respectively). Adding Cr to the diet of lactating buffaloes did not show any effect on blood hemoglobin (Hb), while plasma concentration of progesterone and antioxidant status was increased (P<0.05). It could be concluded that adding Cr to the diet of lactating buffaloes improved nutrient intake, nutrient utilization, and lactation performance.

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Section: Milk Mineral Content and Blood Biochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium Supplements in the Feed for Lactating Murrah Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): Influence on Nutrient Utilization, Lactation Performance, and Metabolic Responses

Deka

Mani

Kumar

et al. 2015

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…The average concentration of chromium in human milk was estimated to be 0.25 µg/L (Casey and Hambidge, 1984;Casey et al, 1985;Engelhardt et al, 1990;Anderson et al, 1993;Mohamedshah et al, 1998) and the average volume of milk intake assumed to be 0.6 L/day (Heinig et al, 1993). The amount of chromium ingested via breast milk and balanced meals (Anderson et al, 1992) was estimated to be 5.5 µg/day, which was therefore set as the AI for infants aged 7-12 months.…”

Section: A2 Infants and Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for chromium

Products¹

2014

EFSA Journal

169

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) considered the evidence for setting Dietary Reference Values for chromium. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) has been postulated to be necessary for the efficacy of insulin in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. However, the mechanism(s) for these roles and the essential function of Cr(III) in metabolism have not been substantiated. The criteria for the essentiality of a trace element were considered. It was noted that attempts to create chromium deficiency in animal models have not produced consistent results, and that there is no evidence of essentiality of Cr(III) in animal nutrition. Evaluating the possibility of Cr(III) as an essential element for humans, the evidence from reported improvements associated with chromium supplementation in patients on total parenteral nutrition was considered to be the most convincing, but overall data do not provide sufficient information on the reversibility of the possible deficiencies and the nature of any dose-response curve in order to identify a dietary requirement for humans. The Panel concludes that no Average Requirement and no Population Reference Intake for chromium can be defined. Several studies assessed the effect of chromium supplementation on glucose and/or lipid metabolism. In the only study for which information on total chromium intake was available, there was no difference in parameters of glucose metabolism of normoglycaemic subjects between the placebo and chromium-supplemented periods. The Panel considered that there is no evidence of beneficial effects associated with chromium intake in healthy subjects. The Panel concluded that the setting of an Adequate Intake for chromium is also not appropriate. In 1993, the Scientific Committee for Food was unable to define a specific physiological requirement of chromium and did not propose DRVs for chromium, but other authorities have subsequently proposed DRVs for chromium. © European FoodTrivalent chromium (Cr(III)) has been reported as an essential trace element in that it has been postulated to be necessary for the efficacy of insulin in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. However, at present, the mechanism(s) for these roles and the essential function of chromium in metabolism have not been substantiated. The postulation of chromium's essentiality for humans was almost entirely based on case reports of patients on long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) who developed metabolic and neurological defects, which were reported to respond to supplementation with Cr(III). The Panel noted that the chromium concentrations in the TPN solutions that induced the presumed deficiency symptoms were not reported in all the patients studied. In the three studies in which the concentration of chromium in the TPN solution was reported, the daily chromium supply was between 5 and 10 µg; at an absorption efficiency of 5 % this amount of infused chromium ...

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“…0.5%). The minimum excretion of Cr is through milk, as a human study has shown, in which the supplemented isotope 53 Cr was detected in blood, but not in milk (Mohamedshah et al, 1998). Van Bruwaene et al (1984) monitored Cr metabolism in lactating cows.…”

Section: Excretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium as an essential nutrient: a review

Pechová¹,

Pavlata²

2007

Vet. Med. - Czech

345

244

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Chromium (Cr) has been studied since the end of the 19 th century, when carcinogenic effects of hexavalent Cr were discovered. Essentiality of trivalent Cr was demonstrated in 1959; Cr 3+ has been studied in humans and laboratory animals since the 1970s and it is only since the 1990s that Cr has been studied as an essential element in livestock animals with the same intensity. Trivalent chromium is essential to normal carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Chromium is biologically active as part of an oligopeptide -chromodulin -potentiating the effect of insulin by facilitating insulin binding to receptors at the cell surface. With chromium acting as a cofactor of insulin, Cr activity in the organism is parallel to insulin functions. Cr absorption is low, ranging between 0.4 and 2.0% for inorganic compounds while the availability of organic Cr is more than 10 times higher. Absorbed Cr circulates in blood bound to the β-globulin plasma fraction and is transported to tissues bound to transferrin. Absorbed Cr is excreted primarily in urine, by glomerular filtration; a small amount is excreted through perspiration, bile and in milk. The demand for Cr has been growing as a result of factors commonly referred to as stressors, especially during different forms of nutritional, metabolic and physical strain. This review describes Cr metabolism, the different biological functions of Cr and symptoms of Cr deficiency.

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Distribution of a stable isotope of chromium (53Cr) in serum, urine, and breast milk in lactating women

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Chromium Supplements in the Feed for Lactating Murrah Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): Influence on Nutrient Utilization, Lactation Performance, and Metabolic Responses

Chromium Supplements in the Feed for Lactating Murrah Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): Influence on Nutrient Utilization, Lactation Performance, and Metabolic Responses

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for chromium

Chromium as an essential nutrient: a review

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