Distribution, frequency and occurrence of cereal nematodes on the Central Anatolian Plateau in Turkey and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties

Abstract

Tbe distribution of important plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes in tbe cereal production areas of tbe Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP) of Turkey was investigated witb systematic surveys. Two important plant-parasitic nematode groups were found widely distributed; cereal-cyst nematodes (78.3%) and root-lesion nematodes (42.6%). Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) were identified as Heterodera filipjevi in 18 provinces. Heterodera latipons was found in only one province. Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus were tbe most widely distributed species of root-lesion nematodes. Otber frequently recorded plant-parasitic nematodes belonged to tbe genera Geocenamus (52.4%), Pratylenchoides (35.6%), Helicotyienchus (29.7%) and Paratylenchus (19.2%). Konya on tbe soutbern CAP bad a significantly bigb incidence of P. neglectus as well as free-living nematodes. Tbe incidence of CCN was greatest in areas of sandy soils on tbe CAP, witb densities of up to 95 cysts (100 g soil)"'. Population densities of Geocenamus, Pratylenchus and Pratylenchoides were bigb in some locations. Soil pbysicocbemical properties were investigated for tbeir relationship to nematode distribution. Tbere was a sligbt positive correlation of P. thornei and clay content; conversely, there was a significant negative correlation of P. negiectus witb clay and a positive correlation witb sand. Electrical conductivity (EC) was positively correlated witb P. neglectus. Nematodes in tbe genera Heiicotylenchus, Paratylenchus, Trophurus and Tylenchorhynchus were only recorded at low population densities in tbe sampled area. By contrast, nematodes in tbe genera Aphelenchus, Apheienchoides, Dityienchus, Dorylaimus, Tylenchus and bacterivorous genera bad relatively bigb populations. Total free-living nematodes were positively correlated witb EC and zinc (Zn) concentration. Tbe Zn content of soil was generally at a level deficient for plant growtb.

The importance and management strategies of cereal cyst nematodes, Heterodera spp., in Turkey

“…Later on, H. avenae was reported as widely distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean (Gözel 2001;Subbotin et al 2003;Imren et al 2012Imren et al , 2013a as well as in the Thrace and Aegean regions (Mısırlıoglu and Pehlivan 2007). H. filipjevi and H. latipons are present in the CAP region; of these, H. filipjevi is the most dominant and was reported in 87 % of surveyed fields (Rumpenhorst et al 1996;Oztürk et al 1998;Abidou et al 2005;Yavuzaslanoglu et al 2012). Generally, H. latipons and H. avenae occur in mixed populations across most wheat growing areas of the SEA and Eastern Mediterranean regions (Kilic 2011;Kilic et al 2012;Imren et al 2012;Ocal 2012).…”

Spatial distribution and risk area assessment of Aphelenchoides besseyi using geostatistical approaches in Giridih district of Jharkhand, India

“…Moran's I, inferred using z-score and p value, determines the presence of spatially significant clusters. If z-score value is greater than 2, it indicates highly significant (p < 0.01) clustering; z < −2 indicates significant dispersed (p < 0.01) and z around 0 indicates random distribution (Yavuzaslanoglu et al, 2012). Spatial relationship was conceptualized using fixed distance band where each feature is analyzed within the context of neighboring features.…”

“…Presence of significant RWTN infestation hotspot and cold spot in Dumri and adjacent blocks of Gawan, Tisri, and Dhanwar, respectively, might help in future to take management decisions. In another example, point pattern geostatistical approach was employed to identify infestation hotspots of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera filipjevi) and root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus neglectus, P. thornei) infesting wheat and barley in Turkey (Yavuzaslanoglu et al, 2012). They also found that population density of these nematodes were positively correlated with electrical conductivity (EC) and percentage sand content of soil.…”

Distribution of the Cereal Cyst Nematodes (Heterodera spp.) in Wheat and Barley Fields in North-Eastern Regions of Syria

“…However, the dominant species varied with the region. Heterodera avenae and H. latipons were found in the south-eastern and eastern Mediterranean region, while H. filipjevi was prevalent in the central Anatolian region (Öztürk et al 1998, Abidou et al 2005, Yavuzaslanoglu et al 2012, Imren et al 2012, Dababat et al 2014. Heterodera avenae, H. filipjevi and H. latipons were found in Syria (Rivoal et al 2003, Abidou et al 2005, Hassan et al 2010.…”