Distribution, biomass, and species composition of salps and doliolids in the Oyashio–Kuroshio transitional region: potential impact of massive bloom on the pelagic food web

Ishak, Nurul Huda Ahmad; Okazaki, Yuji; Kakehi, Shigeho; Suyama, Satoshi; Takahashi, Kazutaka

doi:10.1007/s10872-020-00549-3

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Thus, assuming the same laboratory-derived constant feeding rate for D. tritonis and applying Q 10 = 3 (Haskell et al, 1999) to correct for the mean 14.25 • C observed in 2016-2017, the aggregated gonozooids at ∼3,000 ind m −3 can sweep clear their resident water volume in ∼47 h ingesting 0.045 g C m −3 day −1 . Similarly, less dense aggregations of doliolids in the Oyashio-Kuroshio transitional region cleared their residential volume in ∼10 days (Ishak et al, 2020). While no direct measurements of primary productivity were obtained during our cruises, model simulations run for 2000-2013 using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) with an embedded nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton (NPZ) estimated late summer (September-October) mean primary production at 30.5 g C m −2 in the upper 30 m layer for the offshore region "P5" from the Canadian boundary to 147 • W (Coyle et al, 2019), which converts to a daily value of 0.0169 g C m −3 day −1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Doliolid (Tunicata, Thaliacea) Blooms in the Southeastern Gulf of Alaska as a Result of the Recent Marine Heat Wave of 2014–2016

Pinchuk¹,

Batten

Strasburger

2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The eastern North Pacific experienced a prolonged heat wave in 2014–2016 manifested by high sea surface temperature anomalies in the south-central Gulf of Alaska (GOA). The event provided a natural experiment on the response of the southern GOA ecosystem to a dramatic change in sea temperature. Spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton communities following the culmination of the heat wave was investigated as a part of the NOAA Eastern GOA Ecosystem Assessment program in 2016–2017. Here, for the first time in the GOA, we report consistent observations of doliolid (Dolioletta tritonis) swarms observed in the upper mixed layer beyond the shelf break during both years, with the maximal density of 3,847 ind m–3 recorded in August 2016 and coinciding with the location of an offshore cyclonic mesoscale eddy. Doliolid density was significantly lower on the shelf. The long-term Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) data indicated that doliolid blooms in the south-central GOA may have occurred in the past two decades during El-Nino events. Coincidentally, doliolids prevailed in the diets of juvenile sablefish collected along the eastern coast of GOA both during the 2014–2016 heat wave and during 1997–1998 El Nino. Thus, we speculate that warming trends may increase the importance of doliolids in the GOA pelagic food web.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Doliolid (Tunicata, Thaliacea) Blooms in the Southeastern Gulf of Alaska as a Result of the Recent Marine Heat Wave of 2014–2016

Pinchuk¹,

Batten

Strasburger

2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Doliolids occur circumglobally on wide subtropical shelves where upwelling, eddies, or other processes generate nutrient input that promotes phytoplankton blooms (Paffenhöfer et al 1995;Deibel 1998;Nakamura 1998). Because doliolids have high filtering rates and efficiencies and can reach great abundances, they have the potential to remove a significant fraction of shelf water column primary production and can restructure shelf pelagic food webs (Deibel 1985;Paffenhöfer et al 1995;Takahashi et al 2015;Ishak et al 2020). Many investigators have speculated on the significance of blooms of small gelatinous zooplankton species and, the few studies that have been conducted, generally support the idea that doliolids and other thaliaceans can act to intensify microbial loop processes.…”

Section: Potential Ecological Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ecological significance of pelagic tunicate blooms, however, can be highly variable and dependent on the location, duration, and blooming species. Because doliolids are efficient filter feeders (Deibel 1998; Takahashi et al 2015; Ishak et al 2020) and produce low‐density fecal pellets with slow sinking rates (Deibel 1990; Patonai et al 2011), they have the potential to significantly influence shelf carbon cycling, pelagic ecology, and pelagic–benthic coupling (Deibel 1985; Ishak et al 2020). Although the exact mechanisms contributing to doliolid bloom formation remain unclear, the presence of fine‐scale oceanographic boundaries, including vertical pycnoclines and horizontal fronts, appears to be an important factor (Takahashi et al 2015; Martin et al 2017; Greer et al 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective feeding and linkages to the microbial food web by the doliolidDolioletta gegenbauri

Frischer

Lamboley

Walters

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanography

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Gelatinous zooplankton play a crucial role in pelagic marine food webs, however, due to methodological challenges and persistent misconceptions of their importance, the trophic role of gelatinous zooplankton remains poorly investigated. This is particularly true for small gelatinous zooplankton including the marine pelagic tunicate, Dolioletta gegenbauri. D. gegenbauri and other doliolid species occur persistently on wide subtropical shelves where they often produce massive blooms in association with shelf upwelling conditions. As efficient filter feeders and prodigious producers of relatively low-density organic-rich aggregates, doliolids are understood to contribute significantly to shelf production, pelagic ecology, and pelagic-benthic coupling. Utilizing molecular gut content analysis and stable isotope analysis approaches, the trophic interactions of doliolids were explored during bloom and nonbloom conditions on the South Atlantic Bight continental shelf in the Western North Atlantic. Based on molecular gut content analysis, relative ingestion selectivity varied with D. gegenbauri life stage. At all life stages, doliolids ingested a wide range of prey types and sizes, but exhibited selectivity for larger prey types including diatoms, ciliates, and metazoans. Experimental growth studies confirmed that metazoan prey were ingested, but indicated that they were not digested and assimilated. Stable isotopic composition (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) of wild-caught doliolids, during bloom and non-bloom conditions, were most consistent with a detrital-supplemented diet. These observations suggest that the feeding ecology of D. gegenbauri is more complex than previously reported, and have strong and unusual linkages to the microbial food web.

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“…This study investigated the associated microbiome of D. gegenbauri and how it may differed from their organic-rich fecal pellets and from the surrounding seawater, thus advancing our current knowledge on how pelagic tunicates such as doliolids may influence the microbial loop and key biogeochemical processes in the ocean (Frischer et al, 2021;Ishak et al, 2020;Koster & Paffenhofer, 2016). Amplicon 16S rRNA data from three independent feeding experiments suggested that the patterns of alpha and beta diversity among sample types were highly consistent.…”

Section: Doliolid Associated Microbiome: Patterns Of Abundance and Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ecological significance of doliolid blooms, however, can be highly variable and dependent on the location, duration, and blooming species. Because doliolids are efficient filter feeders (Don Deibel & Paffenhöfer, 1988;Ishak et al, 2020;Takahashi et al, 2015) and produce low-density fecal pellets with slow sinking rates (Don Deibel, 1990;Patonai, El-Shaffey, & Paffenhöfer, 2011), it is believed that they have the potential to significantly influence shelf carbon cycling, pelagic ecology, and pelagic-benthic coupling (Don Deibel, 1985;Ishak et al, 2020). To our knowledge, however, their influence on the ocean microbiome and microbially-mediated processes has not been carefully explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome of the pelagic tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri: a potential link between the grazing and microbial food web

Pereira¹,

Walters

El-Shaffey

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Doliolids often form massive blooms during upwelling conditions in sub-tropical shelves. However, their trophic role, including their nutritious fecal pellets, in pelagic marine food webs remains poorly investigated. In this study, we performed three independent feeding experiments of cultured Dolioletta gegenbauri and used qPCR analysis and 16S rRNA metabarcoding to characterize the microbial community associated with full gut (FG) and empty (EG) doliolids, fresh (FP2Hrs) and senescing (FP24Hrs) fecal pellets, and the surrounding natural seawater (SW). Bacterial abundance (i.e., 16S rRNA gene copies) in EG samples was an order of magnitude lower than in SW and three orders lower than in FP24Hrs. Diversity analyses, based on the 16S rRNA metabarcoding data, supported a richer microbial community in SW, FP2Hrs, FP24Hrs, and FG samples. Furthermore, microbial community structure was determined by sample type, with FG samples appearing more similar to either FP2Hrs or FP24Hrs. These patterns resulted from the higher number of shared ASVs and consequently the contribution of similar major bacterial taxa (e.g., Rhodobacteraceae, Pirellulaceae). These observations support the hypothesis that there are significant ecological and trophic interactions between D. gegenbauri and the ocean microbiome. Predicted gene function recovered many genes related to key processes in the marine environment and supported greater similarity between FP2Hrs, FP24Hrs, and FG samples. These observations suggest that pelagic marine bacteria are utilized by D. gegenbauri to digest captured prey particles, and the subsequent release of fecal pellets supports the rapid proliferation of distinct microbial communities which likely influence key biogeochemical processes in the ocean.

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Distribution, biomass, and species composition of salps and doliolids in the Oyashio–Kuroshio transitional region: potential impact of massive bloom on the pelagic food web

Cited by 25 publications

References 57 publications

Doliolid (Tunicata, Thaliacea) Blooms in the Southeastern Gulf of Alaska as a Result of the Recent Marine Heat Wave of 2014–2016

Doliolid (Tunicata, Thaliacea) Blooms in the Southeastern Gulf of Alaska as a Result of the Recent Marine Heat Wave of 2014–2016

Selective feeding and linkages to the microbial food web by the doliolidDolioletta gegenbauri

The microbiome of the pelagic tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri: a potential link between the grazing and microbial food web

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