Distribution and pollutant load of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in sewage treatment plants and water from Japanese Rivers

Determination of hexabromocyclododecanes in sediments from the Haihe River in China by an optimized HPLC–MS–MS method

“…Nevertheless, it could generally be summarized that the concentration of the three isomers in samples near the Haihe River followed the sequence α-> γ-> β-HBCD. This is the same order in composition for sewage treatment plants and water from Japanese Rivers reported by Ichihara et al (2014) and English lake water reported by Harrad et al (2009). However, it is different from the distribution pattern in commercial industrial commercial products, which follows the sequence γ-> α-> β-HBCD (Covaci et al, 2006).…”

Diastereoisomer- and species-specific distribution of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in fish and marine invertebrates

“…Assuming that the eight fish species have similar enzymatic capacities, the larger variation of 2 HBCD might be related to species-specific processes. Recently, Ichihara et al [27] reported the distribution of HBCD in sewage treatment plants and river water from Japan. It was found that the ␥-HBCD isomer was predominant in the aquatic environment and that its exposure of ␥-HBCD to marine organisms was high regardless of the solubility of each diastereoisomer.…”

Brominated flame retardants in Korean river sediments, including changes in polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations between 2006 and 2009

“…This result indicates that the BFRs in the sediment may have entered the river continuously from various point and non-point sources; the concentrations gradually increase in the downstream parts (NR09 and NR10), which are closed by flood gates at ordinary times, due to the repeated re-suspension and deposition of the BFR in the sediment. Moreover, the continuous discharge of effluent containing BFRs from STP and WWTP close to NR09 and NR10 also might affect the sedimentary BFRs concentration (Potvin et al, 2012;Ichihara et al, 2014;Deng et al, 2015). The sediment samples from the lakes (the NL samples) each contained similar BFR concentrations, and these concentrations were similar to the concentrations found in the sediment samples from the upstream and midstream parts of the river, suggesting that the background total PBDE concentration was 2.6 ng g À1 dw, the background TBBPA concentration was 3.0 ng g À1 dw, and the background total HBCD concentration was 0.3 ng g À1 dw (these are the average concentrations found in the lake sediment samples and the Nakdong River sediment samples NR01-NR08).…”