Distribution and mechanisms of strain within rocks on the northwest ramp of Pine Mountain block, southern Appalachian foreland: A field test of theory

Wiltschko, David V.; Medwedeff, Donald A.; Millson, Henry E.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<426:damosw>2.0.co;2

Cited by 89 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Twinning is possible along three glide planes and calcite strain-hardens once twinned; further twinning is possible in a crystal along either of the remaining two ef0112g planes at higher stress levels, provided that stress is oriented >45º from the initial stress orientation (Teufel, 1980). The application of twinned calcite to structural and tectonic problems has been primarily restricted to studies of limestones (e.g., Groshong, 1975;Engelder, 1979a;Spang and Groshong, 1981;Wiltschko et al, 1985;Craddock et al, 1993), calcite veins (e.g., Kilsdonk and Wiltschko, 1988), or, more rarely, marbles (e.g., Craddock et al, 1991). Craddock and Pearson (1994) and Craddock et al (1997) have studied twinning strains in secondary calcite of basalts from DSDP Hole 433C and the Proterozoic Keweenaw rift, respectively.…”

Section: Calcite Twinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sevier–Laramide deformation of the continental interior from calcite twinning analysis, west-central North America

Craddock

Pluijm

1999

Tectonophysics

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Paleozoic-Mesozoic carbonates that cover cratonic western North America contain a regional layer-parallel shortening (LPS) fabric that is preserved by mechanically twinned calcite. Shortening directions are generally parallel to the Sevier thrust-transport direction (E-W) in carbonates of the Idaho-Wyoming portion of the thrust belt and within carbonates as far as 2000 km into the plate interior. The inferred calcite twinning differential stress magnitudes generally decrease across the thrust belt, and decrease exponentially away from the orogenic front into the craton. Synorogenic calcite cements and veins preserve a distinct twinning deformation history: in the thrust belt, twinning strains commonly record local, out-of-transport piggyback strain events with high differential stresses (<150 MPa), whereas in Laramide uplifts and adjacent basins as far east as the Black Hills, twinned vein calcite preserves a sub-horizontal, N-S-shortening strain, with differential stress magnitudes that decrease to the east. Deformation of the plate interior during the Sevier orogeny was dominated by E-W contraction at the plate margin, which changed into dominantly oblique contraction (¾N-S shortening) along western North America during the younger, basement-involved Laramide event.

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Section: Calcite Twinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sevier–Laramide deformation of the continental interior from calcite twinning analysis, west-central North America

Craddock

Pluijm

1999

Tectonophysics

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“…Mitra (1994) further showed that internal strains in the frontal thrust sheets are smaller than the internal strains in the hinterland thrust sheets. Typically, the development of penetrative strain-related features is considered to be a process that occurs early in the deformation process, before the development of macroscale structures (e.g., Geiser and Engelder, 1983;Mitra and Yonkee, 1985;Wiltschko et al, 1985;Henderson et al, 1986;Dean et al, 1988;Tavarnelli, 1997;Whitaker and Bartholomew, 1999;Weil and Yonkee, 2009), sometimes with a relationship to the developing thrust ramp (Fischer and Coward, 1982). Some authors have recognized multiple potential episodes of layer-parallel shortening (Geiser and Engelder, 1983;Gray and Mitra, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variation in penetrative strain during compression: Insights from analog models

Burberry

2015

Lithosphere

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“…Although the result is a strain tensor, a similar orientation of the stress tensor appears likely in case of coaxial deformation (Turner 1953(Turner , 1962. The CSGT has been used to constrain strain tensor directions in veins (Kilsdonk and Wiltschko 1988;Paulsen et al 2014), limestones (Engelder 1979;Spang and Groshong 1981;Wiltschko et al 1985;Craddock and van der Pluijm 1988;Mosar 1989;Ferrill 1991;Craddock et al 2000), marble (Craddock et al 1991), amygdaloidal basalts (Craddock and Pearson 1994;Craddock et al 1997Craddock et al , 2004, and lamprophyres (Craddock et al 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Initiation of the Eocene Heart Mountain Slide, Wyoming, USA

Malone

Craddock

Schmitz

et al. 2017

The Journal of Geology

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Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. A B S T R A C TThe Eocene Heart Mountain slide of northwest Wyoming covers an area of as much as 5000 km 2 and includes allochthonous Paleozoic carbonate and Eocene volcanic rocks with a run-out distance of as much as 85 km. Recent geochronologic data indicated that the emplacement of the slide event occurred at ∼48.9 Ma, using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) extracted from U-Pb zircon ages from basal layer and injectite carbonate ultracataclasite (CUC). We now refine that age with U-Pb results from a lamprophyre diatreme that is temporally and spatially related to the CUC injectites. The ages for the lamprophyre zircons are 48.97 5 0.36 Ma (LA-ICPMS) and 49.19 50.02 Ma (chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry). Thus, the lamprophyre and CUC zircons are identical in age, and we interpret that the zircons in the CUC were derived from the lamprophyre during slide emplacement. Moreover, the intrusion of the lamprophyre diatreme provided the trigger mechanism for the Heart Mountain slide. Additional structural data are presented for a variety of calcite twinning strains, results from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility for the lamprophyre and CUC injectites and alternating-field demagnetization on the lamprophyre, to help constrain slide dynamics. These data indicate that White Mountain experienced a rotation about a vertical axis and minimum of 357 of counterclockwise motion during emplacement.

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Distribution and mechanisms of strain within rocks on the northwest ramp of Pine Mountain block, southern Appalachian foreland: A field test of theory

Cited by 89 publications

References 0 publications

Sevier–Laramide deformation of the continental interior from calcite twinning analysis, west-central North America

Sevier–Laramide deformation of the continental interior from calcite twinning analysis, west-central North America

Spatial and temporal variation in penetrative strain during compression: Insights from analog models

Volcanic Initiation of the Eocene Heart Mountain Slide, Wyoming, USA

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