Distribution and localization of porcine calcium sensing receptor in different tissues of weaned piglets1

Abstract

Taste receptors including calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) are expressed in various animal tissues, and CaSR plays important roles in nutrient sensing and the physiology, growth and development of animals. However, molecular distribution of porcine CaSR (pCaSR) in different tissues, especially along the longitudinal axis of the digestive tract in weaned piglets are still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and localization of pCaSR in the different tissues including intestinal segments of weaned piglets. Six male pigs were anesthetized and euthanized. Different tissues including intestinal segments were collected. The pCaSR mRNA abundance, protein abundance and localization were measured by real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The mRNA and protein of pCaSR were detected in the kidney, lung, liver, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. The pCaSR mRNA was much higher (5 to 180 times) in the kidney when compared with other tissues (P < 0.05). The ileum had higher pCaSR mRNA and protein abundances than the stomach, duodenum, jejunum and colon (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining results indicated that the pCaSR protein was mostly located in the epithelia of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. These results demonstrate that pCaSR is widely expressed in different tissues including intestinal segments in weaned piglets and the ileum has a higher expression level of pCaSR. Further research is needed to confirm the expression of CaSR in the different types of epithelial cells isolated from weaned piglets and characterize the functions of pCaSR, its potential ligands and cell signaling pathways related to CaSR activation in enteroendocrine cells and potentially in enterocytes.

Capsaicin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Barrier Dysfunction in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Line-J2

“…The digestive system is also the most important barrier that could keep pathogens or toxins coming from the environment. Since the digestive system has the largest interface between the host and the environment (Flint et al, 2012), this makes the gut the largest organ of the immune system, accounting for 70% percent of the immune system (Zhao et al, 2019). Thus, maintaining a sound intestinal immune system is very important for gut health.…”

Population dynamics of potentially harmful haplotypes: a pedigree analysis

“…A significant part of the candidate genes identified, such as the T-cell antigen receptor CD86 gene, involved in nutrient absorption and gut barrier function in pigs [ 48 ], ILDR2 , involved in the formation of epithelial cells barrier [ 49 ], HHLA2 , belonging to the B7 gene family can substantially regulate T-cell activity [ 50 ], GABARAPL2 involved in macroautophagy which plays essential roles during development and immunological phenomena [ 51 ], the ABCC13 gene, involved in xenobiotic defense [ 52 ], or the IFT57 gene, involved in inflammatory responses often associated with elevated cytokine concentrations [ 53 ], are expected to participate defense and immune response. However, it has been suggested that genes associated to immunity can have a pleiotropic effect [ 54 ].…”

Structural mechanism of cooperative regulation of calcium-sensing receptor-mediated cellular signaling

“…CaSRs have been found in key tissues involved in extracellular Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ homeostasis (e.g., parathyroid, thyroid, kidney, bone) and in other non-homeostatic tissues (e.g., brain, skin, etc. ), of different species [3,4]. In response to small changes in extracellular concentrations, the ECD of CaSR exhibits a strong positive homotropic cooperative response to Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ and heterotropic cooperativity to amino acids, metabolites, anions and pH [5].…”