Distribution and genetic diversity of the root‐rot pathogen <i>Neonectria macrodidyma</i> in a forest nursery

Menkis, Audrius; Burokienė, Daiva

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.2011.00712.x

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Likewise, Sclerotinia (Helotiales), which contains necrotrophic pathogens [ 60 ], was the dominant genus within the Helotiales sequences in the CT composite library (46.0%). Other potential pathogen-containing Hypocreales genera detected in the cheatgrass libraries include Nectria (fruit tree parasites) and Neonectria (root rot; [ 61 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Abundance of and Composition within Fungal Orders Differ between Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)-Associated Soils

2015

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Nonnative Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) is decimating sagebrush steppe, one of the largest ecosystems in the Western United States, and is causing regional-scale shifts in the predominant plant-fungal interactions. Sagebrush, a native perennial, hosts arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), whereas cheatgrass, a winter annual, is a relatively poor host of AMF. This shift is likely intertwined with decreased carbon (C)-sequestration in cheatgrass-invaded soils and alterations in overall soil fungal community composition and structure, but the latter remain unresolved. We examined soil fungal communities using high throughput amplicon sequencing (ribosomal large subunit gene) in the 0–4 cm and 4–8 cm depth intervals of six cores from cheatgrass- and six cores from sagebrush-dominated soils. Sagebrush core surfaces (0–4 cm) contained higher nitrogen and total C than cheatgrass core surfaces; these differences mirrored the presence of glomalin related soil proteins (GRSP), which has been associated with AMF activity and increased C-sequestration. Fungal richness was not significantly affected by vegetation type, depth or an interaction of the two factors. However, the relative abundance of seven taxonomic orders was significantly affected by vegetation type or the interaction between vegetation type and depth. Teloschistales, Spizellomycetales, Pezizales and Cantharellales were more abundant in sagebrush libraries and contain mycorrhizal, lichenized and basal lineages of fungi. Only two orders (Coniochaetales and Sordariales), which contain numerous economically important pathogens and opportunistic saprotrophs, were more abundant in cheatgrass libraries. Pleosporales, Agaricales, Helotiales and Hypocreales were most abundant across all libraries, but the number of genera detected within these orders was as much as 29 times lower in cheatgrass relative to sagebrush libraries. These compositional differences between fungal communities associated with cheatgrass- and sagebrush-dominated soils warrant future research to examine soil fungal community composition across more sites and time points as well as in association with native grass species that also occupy cheatgrass- invaded ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Abundance of and Composition within Fungal Orders Differ between Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)-Associated Soils

2015

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“…Various symptoms were observed in the field during the period of the survey, including wilting or drying of shoots or whole plants ( Figure 1), necrosis, abnormal development, reduction of root biomass, cankers near the crown and black discoloration of wood (Figure 2), which were similar to the description by Menkis and Burokien [9]. Also observed were bark peeling and discoloration of bright, salmon pink pads from the dead bark that darkened with age ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Symptoms Observed In the Fieldsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…It is also important in apple [7], pine and other conifer seedlings, and the forest nurseries [8,9]. Neonectria macrodidyma is a necrotic plant pathogen and a new name was recently proposed as Dactylonectria macrodidyma (syn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Neonectria macrodidyma with Dry Root Rot of Citrus in California

AO¹,

JS²,

BB³

et al. 2017

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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During yearly surveys that started in 2010 to identify pathogens associated with dry root rot disease of citrus in California, samples with root rot symptoms were collected in Tulare County. Small pieces of tissue from root samples were plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with 0.01% tetracycline and incubated at 25°C. Pure cultures of fungal isolates were identified by morphology and sequence analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer and Beta Tubulin regions. Neonectria macrodidyma (Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum) was first recovered in 2011 and has subsequently been recovered multiple times from citrus samples. The pathogen appeared to be widely distributed in association with citrus dry root rot and possibly interacts with Fusarium solani, Phytophthora nicotianae and P. citrophthora, the major soil borne pathogens that were frequently identified from plant samples with root and/or crown rot of citrus in California. The fungal genus Cylindrocarpon (Teleomorph: Neonectria wolenw=Dactylonect ria=Ilyonectria) contains ubiquitous soil borne pathogens that cause black foot disease on a wide range of hosts, including grapevine, strawberry, apple, and conifers. Hosts typically become infected through natural wounds on roots and other below ground parts. In this report, we present strain UCR3312, which is the most recently isolated pathogenic strain in 2015. Considering the potential damage that this organism may cause to the citrus industry, detailed studies are recommended to better understand its distribution, epidemiology, and the general pathogen biology to improve the disease management practices.

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“…While its activity in soil is unclear, plant growth promotion by suppressing plant pathogenic fungi and entomopathogenic activities were reported (Leger, 2008). Other plant pathogens (Mycosphaerella and Neonectria) are also commonly found in diseased plant tissues or soil as an opportunistic pathogens (Zhang et al, 2005;Menkis and Burokienė, 2012).…”

Section: Overall Diversity and Composition Of Fungi Associated With Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Season and Soil Properties on Fungal Communities of Neighboring Climax Forests (Carpinus cordata and Fraxinus rhynchophylla)

Park

Yoo

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Trees in forest ecosystems constantly interact with the soil fungal community, and this interaction plays a key role in nutrient cycling. The diversity of soil fungal communities is affected by both environmental factors and host tree species. We investigated the influence of both of these factors by examining the total fungal communities in the rhizospheric soil of climax tree species that have similar ecological roles (Carpinus cordata, an ectomycorrhizal [ECM] tree, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla, an arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] tree) in temperate forests with continental climates of Mt. Jeombong, South Korea. Fungal communities were assessed by Illumina-MiSeq sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of environmental DNA, and comparing their environmental factors (season and soil properties). We found that soil fungi of the two forest types differed in terms of community structure and ecological guild composition. The total fungal community composition changed significantly with seasons and soil properties in the F. rhynchophylla forest, but not in the C. cordata forest. However, potassium and carbon were significantly correlated with fungal diversity in both forests, and a positive correlation was found only between symbiotrophs of C. cordata and the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Thus, the effects of environmental factors on soil fungal communities depended on the host trees, but some factors were common in both forests. Our results indicate that individual tree species should be considered when anticipating how the fungal communities will respond to environmental change.

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Distribution and genetic diversity of the root‐rot pathogen Neonectria macrodidyma in a forest nursery

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Relative Abundance of and Composition within Fungal Orders Differ between Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)-Associated Soils

Relative Abundance of and Composition within Fungal Orders Differ between Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)-Associated Soils

Association of Neonectria macrodidyma with Dry Root Rot of Citrus in California

Influence of Season and Soil Properties on Fungal Communities of Neighboring Climax Forests (Carpinus cordata and Fraxinus rhynchophylla)

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