Distribution and Excretion of BisGMA in Guinea Pigs

Abstract

Bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) is used in many resin-based dental materials. It was shown in vitro that BisGMA was released into the adjacent biophase from such materials during the first days after placement. In this study, the uptake, distribution, and excretion of [14C]BisGMA applied via gastric and intravenous administration (at dose levels well above those encountered in dental care) were examined in vivo in guinea pigs to test the hypothesis that BisGMA reaches cytotoxic levels in mammalian tissues. [14C]BisGMA was taken up rapidly from the stomach and intestine after gastric administration and was widely distributed in the body following administration by each route. Most [14C] was excreted within one day as 14CO2. The peak equivalent BisGMA levels in guinea pig tissues examined were at least 1000-fold less than known toxic levels. The peak urine level in guinea pigs that received well in excess of the body-weight-adjusted dose expected in humans was also below known toxic levels. The study therefore did not support the hypothesis.

NAC ameliorates dental composite-induced DNA double-strand breaks and chromatin condensation

“…Consequently, non-crosslinked resin monomers can be leached out from the fillings by saliva, food or drinks 4,5) and reach the tissues of the oral cavity. These monomers can be inhaled or via the saliva reach the intestinal tract where they are absorbed by the small intestine and further metabolized [6][7][8][9][10] . Two main hypotheses how comonomers induce double strand breaks (DSBs) are currently discussed.…”

“…Therefore, the microscopic quantification of colocalizing γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci has been used for NAC ameliorates dental composite-induced DNA double-strand breaks and chromatin condensation [39][40][41] . The metabolism of these substances was elucidated in animal studies using radioactively (C-14)-labeled (co)monomers [6][7][8][9] . It was noted that dental resin monomers can induce DSBs 29,30) and HEMA exposure can lead to apoptosis through oxidative DNA damage 42) , while Bis-GMA has been observed to induce morphological changes in human pulp cells including cellular contractions 43) .…”

Elution study of unreacted TEGDMA from bulk-fill composite (SDR™ Dentsply) using HPLC

“…Several in vivo and in vitro studies have unequivocally demonstrated that some components of composite resins and bonding agents exhibit toxic properties [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. It is believed that basic monomers: bis-GMA and UDMA, as well as TEGDMA comonomer have high toxic potential [10,[13][14][15][16].…”

“…The unreacted TEGDMA is a toxic substance exhibiting cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and allergenic effects [10]. It exhibits systemic and local toxicity on living organisms [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The interaction between composite materials, including TEGDMA, and exposed dental pulp is not fully known [10].…”

The role of reactive oxygen species and hemeoxygenase-1 expression in the cytotoxicity, cell cycle alteration and apoptosis of dental pulp cells induced by BisGMA

“…Resin monomers can be also directly degraded by salivary esterase [5]. The released BisGMA may be adsorbed from stomach and intestine and rapidly distributed to whole body [6]. It can be metabolized and excreted as BisGMA, methacrylic acid and bisphenol-A-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)ether from the urine of experimental animals [7].…”