Distribution and characterization of nitric oxide synthase in the nervous system of Triatoma infestans (Insecta: Heteroptera)

Settembrini, Beatriz P.; Coronel, Marı́a Florencia; Nowicki, Susana; Nighorn, Alan; Villar, Marcelo J.

doi:10.1007/s00441-006-0359-1

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The approximate size of NOS has been measured as 135 kDa in Schistocerca brain (Elphick et al, 1995), between 116 and 180 kDa in Locusta abdominal ganglia (Bullerjahn and Pflüger, 2003) and between 130 and 150 kDa in other insects (Gibson and Nighorn, 2000;Settembrini et al, 2007). In our preparations, it appears as a double band of ϳ132 and 127 kDa, respectively, from 40% embryogenesis on, which may be due to posttranslational modifications of the protein (Knipp and Bicker, 2009).…”

Section: Time Course Of Nos Expression and Relevance For Developmentmentioning

confidence: 91%

Development of nitrergic neurons in the nervous system of the locust embryo

Stern

Böger

Eickhoff

et al. 2010

J of Comparative Neurology

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We followed the development of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) system during locust embryogenesis in whole mount nervous systems and brain sections by using various cytochemical techniques. We visualized NO-sensitive neurons by cGMP immunofluorescence after incubation with an NO donor in the presence of the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator YC-1 and the phosphodiesterase-inhibitor isobutyl-methyl-xanthine (IBMX). Central nervous system (CNS) cells respond to NO as early as 38% embryogenesis. By using the NADPH-diaphorase technique, we identified somata and neurites of possible NO-synthesizing cells in the CNS. The first NADPH-diaphorase-positive cell bodies appear around 40% embryogenesis in the brain and at 47% in the ventral nerve cord. The number of positive cells reaches the full complement of adult cells at 80%. In the brain, some structures, e.g., the mushroom bodies acquire NADPH-diaphorase staining only postembryonically. Immunolocalization of L-citrulline confirmed the presence of NOS in NADPH-diaphorase-stained neurons and, in addition, indicated enzymatic activity in vivo. In whole mount ventral nerve cords, citrulline immunolabeling was present in varying subsets of NADPH-diaphorase-positive cells, but staining was very variable and often weak. However, in a regeneration paradigm in which one of the two connectives between ganglia had been crushed, strong, reliable staining was observed as early as 60% embryogenesis. Thus, citrulline immunolabeling appears to reflect specific activity of NOS. However, in younger embryos, NOS may not always be constitutively active or may be so at a very low level, below the citrulline antibody detection threshold. For the CNS, histochemical markers for NOS do not provide conclusive evidence for a developmental role of this enzyme.

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Section: Time Course Of Nos Expression and Relevance For Developmentmentioning

confidence: 91%

Development of nitrergic neurons in the nervous system of the locust embryo

Stern

Böger

Eickhoff

et al. 2010

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…An extensive literature documents the intense expression of the NOS enzyme in olfactory centers of diverse species of vertebrates (Bredt et al, 1991;Kishimoto et al, 1993;Spessert et al, 1994;Dellacorte et al, 1995;Hopkins et al, 1996;Alonso et al, 1998;Crespo et al, 2003;Gutierrez-Mecinas et al, 2005;Herrmann et al, 2007) and invertebrates (Gelperin, 1994;Elphrick et al, 1995;Muller and Hildebrandt, 1995;Nighorn et al, 1998;Fujie et al, 2002;Seki et al, 2005;Settembrini et al, 2007;Watanabe et al, 2007). However, odorantevoked NO production was only recently demonstrated in the moth antennal lobe using a fluorescent indicator (Collmann et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tonic and stimulus-evoked nitric oxide production in the mouse olfactory bulb

Lowe

Buerk

et al. 2008

Neuroscience

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Nitric oxide (NO) has been long assumed to play a key role in mammalian olfaction. This was based largely on circumstantial evidence, i.e. prominent staining for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclic GMP or soluble guanylyl cyclase, an effector enzyme activated by NO, in local interneurons of the olfactory bulb. Here we employ innovative custom-fabricated NO micro-sensors to obtain the first direct, time-resolved measurements of NO signaling in the olfactory bulb. In 400 μm thick mouse olfactory bulb slices, we detected a steady average basal level of 87 nM NO in the extracellular space of mitral or granule cell layers. This NO 'tone' was sensitive to NOS substrate manipulation (200 μM L-arginine, 2 mM L-NAME) and Mg 2+ modulation of NMDA receptor conductance. Electrical stimulation of olfactory nerve fibers evoked transient (peak at 10 s) increments in NO levels 90 -100 nM above baseline. In the anesthetized mouse, NO micro-sensors inserted into the granule cell layer detected NO transients averaging 55 nM in amplitude and peaking at 3.4 sec after onset of a 5 sec odorant stimulation. These findings suggest dual roles for NO signaling in the olfactory bulbtonic inhibitory control of principal neurons, and regulation of circuit dynamics during odor information processing.

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“…NO activity have been associated with insect immune responses against pathogens, which can stimulate NOS expression in haemocytes and other insect organs 17 , 18 . NO can also act as a signalling molecule, and its production has also been reported in the central nervous system of Triatoma infestans 19 . Sfara et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Functional aspects of salivary nitric oxide synthase of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and nitric oxide trafficking at the vector-host interface

Paim

Nascimento

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Rhodnius prolixus expresses nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the cytosol of the salivary gland (SG) cells. The NO produced is stored in the SG lumen bound to NO-carrier haemeproteins called nitrophorins (NPs). NPs bind tightly to NO in the acidic SG lumen, but release NO when the pH becomes high, e.g., at the host skin (pH~7.4). NO elicits potent and transient relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Here, we investigated the role of salivary NO in the R. prolixus feeding behaviour and the salivary vasodilator activity of the host microcirculation. NOS knockdown in R. prolixus changed the SG colour, decreased the number of NO-loaded NPs and caused impairment of feeding performance. When salivary gland extracts (SGEs) were obtained from NOS- and NPs-knockdown insects and prepared in pH 5.0 solution and injected (i.v.) into mice via the tail vein, no vasodilation was observed, whereas SGEs from control insects caused long-term venodilation in the mouse skin. SGs disrupted directly in PBS (pH 7.4) containing BSA produced long-term vasodilation compared to the controls without BSA due to the possible formation of nitroso-albumin, suggesting that host serum albumin extends the NO half-life when NO is injected into the host skin by triatomine during their blood-feeding.

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Distribution and characterization of nitric oxide synthase in the nervous system of Triatoma infestans (Insecta: Heteroptera)

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Development of nitrergic neurons in the nervous system of the locust embryo

Development of nitrergic neurons in the nervous system of the locust embryo

Tonic and stimulus-evoked nitric oxide production in the mouse olfactory bulb

Functional aspects of salivary nitric oxide synthase of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and nitric oxide trafficking at the vector-host interface

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