Tonic and stimulus-evoked nitric oxide production in the mouse olfactory bulb

Lowe, Graeme; Buerk, Donald G.; Ma, Jie; Gelperin, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.003

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The strong initial fluorescence and its persistent increase over time indicate tonic production of NO in the OB slice, consistent with findings obtained by electrochemical microprobe detection (18). To verify the physiological origin of the fluorescence, slices were stimulated by increasing extracellular KCl levels.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Immunocytochemistry experiments confirm that the OB is rich in NO-producing cells (17). Direct measurements of NO in OBs, both in vivo and in vitro, using an NO-selective microprobe, reveal significant resting levels of NO and also odor-stimulated increases in NO (18). These results are of interest because of literature linking NO levels in the OB to odor learning and memory storage (19)(20)(21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…we estimate that NO levels in the slice were boosted from a basal value of ∼85 nM to ∼1 μM for 1-2 min after KCl addition (18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Visualization of nitric oxide production in the mouse main olfactory bulb by a cell-trappable copper(II) fluorescent probe

McQuade

Lowe

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

113

102

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We report the visualization of NO production using fluorescence in tissue slices of the mouse main olfactory bulb. This discovery was possible through the use of a novel, cell-trappable probe for intracellular nitric oxide detection based on a symmetric scaffold with two NO-reactive sites. Ester moieties installed onto the fluorescent probe are cleaved by intracellular esterases to yield the corresponding negatively charged, cell-impermeable acids. The trappable probe Cu 2 ðFL2EÞ and the membrane-impermeable acid derivative Cu 2 ðFL2AÞ respond rapidly and selectively to NO in buffers that simulate biological conditions, and application of Cu 2 ðFL2EÞ leads to detection of endogenously produced NO in cell cultures and olfactory bulb brain slices.fluorescent sensing | NO | olfaction | trappable probe | fluorescence microscopy N itric oxide (NO) is important for biological signaling. It activates soluble guanylyl cyclase, initiating a signaling cascade that promotes vascular smooth muscle dilation (1-3). Nitric oxide produced in the nervous system has been implicated in neurotransmission (4), and the immune system generates NO as a defense against pathogens (5). Unregulated nitric oxide production has been associated with pathological conditions such as cancer, ischemia, septic shock, inflammation, and neurodegeneration (6).Because of its various biological consequences, investigating the generation, translocation, and utilization of NO continues to be an active area of research. A major limitation to advances in the field, however, has been the dearth of selective tools for visualization of biological NO, for example by fluorescence microscopy. Detection of nitric oxide offers many challenges. NO reacts rapidly in vivo with dioxygen, oxygen-generated radicals such as superoxide, amines, thiols, and metal centers (7,8). It also diffuses readily from its point of origin (9), making rapid detection desirable for uncovering both its production site and function. Moreover, NO is produced at concentrations as low as ∼100 picomolar, so it is essential to have an NO probe with a low detection limit (10). Fluorescent sensors can be designed to accommodate the properties of NO under physiological conditions, making this technique particularly valuable for in vivo nitric oxide imaging.Transition metal complexes have been investigated as platforms for NO detection (11). The strategy is to incorporate a fluorophore into a ligand that is quenched either by intracellular photoinduced electron transfer and/or by coordination to a paramagnetic or heavy metal ion. Fluorescence is restored by reduction of the metal and/or displacement of the ligand upon reaction of the probe with NO. CuFL1 (Fig. 1) is an excellent example of such a metal-based cellular NO imaging agent (12, 13). CuFL1 satisfies many of the requirements of a good sensor. It is nontoxic, cell membrane permeable, has low energy excitation and emission wavelengths, responds directly and selectively to NO, and exhibits dramatic fluorescence enhancement upon reaction with...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 64%

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Visualization of nitric oxide production in the mouse main olfactory bulb by a cell-trappable copper(II) fluorescent probe

McQuade

Lowe

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

113

102

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“…Previous studies have shown that NO exists at tonic low levels (Wilson et al, 2007) that dramatically increase in response to odorants (Collmann et al, 2004;Lowe et al, 2008). We also know that NO modifies whole-cell current in AL neurons (Higgins et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In Manduca sexta, NOS is localized to the olfactory receptor neurons, and sGC is found in almost all projection neurons, some local interneurons and the serotoninimmunoreactive neuron (Collmann et al, 2004). Studies from M. sexta, land slugs and mice demonstrate that NO is produced upon odor stimulation and/or electrical stimulation to the olfactory nerve (Collmann et al, 2004;Fujie et al, 2002;Lowe et al, 2008). In the antennal lobe of M. sexta, NO production patterns are spatially focused and dependent on the identity and concentration of the odor stimulus (Collmann et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide affects short-term olfactory memory in the antennal lobe ofManduca Sexta

Gage

Daly

Nighorn

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYNitric oxide (NO) is thought to play an important neuromodulatory role in olfaction. We are using the hawkmoth Manduca sexta to investigate the function of NO signaling in the antennal lobe (AL; the primary olfactory network in invertebrates). We have found previously that NO is present at baseline levels, dramatically increases in response to odor stimulation, and alters the electrophysiology of AL neurons. It is unclear, however, how these effects contribute to common features of olfactory systems such as olfactory learning and memory, odor detection and odor discrimination. In this study, we used chemical detection and a behavioral approach to further examine the function of NO in the AL. We found that basal levels of NO fluctuate with the daily light cycle, being higher during the nocturnal active period. NO also appears to be necessary for short-term olfactory memory. NO does not appear to affect odor detection, odor discrimination between dissimilar odorants, or learning acquisition. These findings suggest a modulatory role for NO in the timing of olfactory-guided behaviors. Supplementary material available online at

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Cranial Pair I: The Olfactory Nerve

Crespo

Liberia

Blasco-Ibáñez

et al. 2018

The Anatomical Record

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The olfactory nerve constitutes the first cranial pair. Compared with other cranial nerves, it depicts some atypical features. First, the olfactory nerve does not form a unique bundle. The olfactory axons join other axons and form several small bundles or fascicles: the fila olfactoria. These fascicles leave the nasal cavity, pass through the lamina cribrosa of the ethmoid bone and enter the brain. The whole of these fascicles is what is known as the olfactory nerve. Second, the olfactory sensory neurons, whose axons integrate the olfactory nerve, connect the nasal cavity and the brain without any relay. Third, the olfactory nerve is composed by unmyelinated axons. Fourth, the olfactory nerve contains neither Schwann cells nor oligodendrocytes wrapping its axons. But it contains olfactory ensheathing glia, which is a type of glia unique to this nerve. Fifth, the olfactory axons participate in the circuitry of certain spherical structures of neuropil that are unique in the brain: the olfactory glomeruli. Sixth, the axons of the olfactory nerve are continuously replaced and their connections in the central nervous system are remodeled continuously. Therefore, the olfactory nerve is subject to lifelong plasticity. Finally seventh, the olfactory nerve can be a gateway for the direct entrance of viruses, neurotoxins and other xenobiotics to the brain. In the same way, it can be used as a portal of entry to the brain for therapeutic substances, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. In this article, we analyze some features of the anatomy and physiology of the first cranial pair. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Tonic and stimulus-evoked nitric oxide production in the mouse olfactory bulb

Cited by 20 publications

References 106 publications

Visualization of nitric oxide production in the mouse main olfactory bulb by a cell-trappable copper(II) fluorescent probe

Visualization of nitric oxide production in the mouse main olfactory bulb by a cell-trappable copper(II) fluorescent probe

Nitric oxide affects short-term olfactory memory in the antennal lobe ofManduca Sexta

Cranial Pair I: The Olfactory Nerve

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