Distributed Temperature Sensing Based on Rayleigh Scattering in Irradiated Optical Fiber

Jin, Jing; Zhang, Haoshi; Liu, Jixun; Wang, Yongdong

doi:10.1109/jsen.2016.2615945

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For example, optical fiber-based temperature sensors have been proposed for measuring core temperature distributions in nuclear reactors during operations based on their ability to survive temperatures beyond 1000 °C [ 41 ] and fast neutron fluences of >10

n/cm 2 [ 42 ]. Despite the fact that the fibers themselves can survive these conditions, previous work has shown that spectral shift reconstructions using a static reference are unable to reliably determine spectral shifts at temperatures greater than 600 to 700 °C and under neutron irradiation [ 21 , 43 ]. However, if the fiber degradation processes resulting from exposure to high temperatures and/or neutron irradiation occur slowly enough, post-processing techniques utilizing an adaptive reference were able to resolve spectral shifts in these harsh environments [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphical Optimization of Spectral Shift Reconstructions for Optical Backscatter Reflectometry

Sweeney

Petrie

2021

Sensors

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Optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) is an interferometric technique that can be used to measure local changes in temperature and mechanical strain based on spectral analyses of backscattered light from a singlemode optical fiber. The technique uses Fourier analyses to resolve spectra resulting from reflections occurring over a discrete region along the fiber. These spectra are cross-correlated with reference spectra to calculate the relative spectral shifts between measurements. The maximum of the cross-correlated spectra—termed quality—is a metric that quantifies the degree of correlation between the two measurements. Recently, this quality metric was incorporated into an adaptive algorithm to (1) selectively vary the reference measurement until the quality exceeds a predefined threshold and (2) calculate incremental spectral shifts that can be summed to determine the spectral shift relative to the initial reference. Using a graphical (network) framework, this effort demonstrated the optimal reconstruction of distributed OBR measurements for all sensing locations using a maximum spanning tree (MST). By allowing the reference to vary as a function of both time and sensing location, the MST and other adaptive algorithms could resolve spectral shifts at some locations, even if others can no longer be resolved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphical Optimization of Spectral Shift Reconstructions for Optical Backscatter Reflectometry

Sweeney

Petrie

2021

Sensors

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“…(a) RLS-based fibre temperature sensor [149][150][151][152][153]: The temperature perturbations affect the Rayleigh scattering loss coefficient, thus changing the intensity of Rayleigh-scattered light I r , according to the equation [149]:…”

Section: Ss-based Fibre Temperature Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) RLS‐based fibre temperature sensor [149–153] : The temperature perturbations affect the Rayleigh scattering loss coefficient, thus changing the intensity of Rayleigh‐scattered light I r , according to the equation [149]:

I_{normalr} = I_{0} W η false(z false) {normale}^{- \int_{0}^{t} α (z) ν_{g} normald t}

where I 0 is the intensity of incident light pulse; W i s the pulse width; η ( z ) is the backscattered factor, proportional to the Rayleigh scattering loss coefficient; α ( z ) is the local attenuation coefficient; v g is the light velocity in fibre; t is the time between the front edge of the light pulse injecting to the fibre and the backscattered light returning to the injection end, different value of t represents different sensing position. A liquid‐core sensing fibre, usually a glass tube (the cladding) filled with an ultra‐transparent liquid of high refractive index, is commonly used to generate bigger change in η ( z ).…”

Section: Review On Optical Fibre Sensors For Electrical Equipment Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of optical fibre sensors for electrical equipment characteristic state parameters detection

et al. 2019

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Optical fibre sensing technology is a powerful method for long-term reliable sensing in harsh environments, which means it is particularly suitable for the detection of electrical equipment characteristic state parameters, including characteristic gases, abnormal vibration, ultrasonic produced by partial discharge, and abnormal temperature rise. This paper reviews several individual optical fibre sensors for different state parameters detection, discusses the advantages, limitations and possible improvement methods, and finally presents the most promising optical fibre sensor for each state parameter.

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“…However, because of the promising features of OBR systems, the current trend in DOFS is to engineer optical fibers to enhance the Rayleigh scattering in a controlled way, so as not to increase optical losses disproportionally. Different approaches have been followed to create these enhanced backscattering fibers such as designing high-numerical aperture (NA) fibers (highly Ge- and Ge/B-doped) 9 , 13 , isotopes irradiation in Ge/P co-doped fibers 14 , increasing scattering cross section UV exposure of a single-mode fiber 9 , 13 , 15 , inscription of nanogratings by a femtosecond laser 16 or the incorporation of nanoparticles as scattering centers into the core of the fiber etc 17 – 22 . Among them, the most promising and best reported results so far correspond to the last-mentioned approach, proposed by Blanc et al The authors demonstrate the fabrication of co-doped erbium and MgO-based nanoparticles doped fibers from preforms fabricated by the conventional modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) method, in which the growth in situ of a random distribution of MgO-based nanoparticles, is attained thanks to the immiscibility of alkaline-earth ions in silicate systems in the range of temperatures reached during the process 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering nanoparticle features to tune Rayleigh scattering in nanoparticles-doped optical fibers

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Grégoire

Labranche

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Rayleigh scattering enhanced nanoparticles-doped optical fibers are highly promising for distributed sensing applications, however, the high optical losses induced by that scattering enhancement restrict considerably their sensing distance to few meters. Fabrication of long-range distributed optical fiber sensors based on this technology remains a major challenge in optical fiber community. In this work, it is reported the fabrication of low-loss Ca-based nanoparticles doped silica fibers with tunable Rayleigh scattering for long-range distributed sensing. This is enabled by tailoring nanoparticle features such as particle distribution size, morphology and density in the core of optical fibers through preform and fiber fabrication process. Consequently, fibers with tunable enhanced backscattering in the range 25.9–44.9 dB, with respect to a SMF-28 fiber, are attained along with the lowest two-way optical losses, 0.1–8.7 dB/m, reported so far for Rayleigh scattering enhanced nanoparticles-doped optical fibers. Therefore, the suitability of Ca-based nanoparticles-doped optical fibers for distributed sensing over longer distances, from 5 m to more than 200 m, becomes possible. This study opens a new path for future works in the field of distributed sensing, since these findings may be applied to other nanoparticles-doped optical fibers, allowing the tailoring of nanoparticle properties, which broadens future potential applications of this technology.

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Distributed Temperature Sensing Based on Rayleigh Scattering in Irradiated Optical Fiber

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Graphical Optimization of Spectral Shift Reconstructions for Optical Backscatter Reflectometry

Graphical Optimization of Spectral Shift Reconstructions for Optical Backscatter Reflectometry

Review of optical fibre sensors for electrical equipment characteristic state parameters detection

Engineering nanoparticle features to tune Rayleigh scattering in nanoparticles-doped optical fibers

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