Distributed situation awareness in an Airborne Warning and Control System: application of novel ergonomics methodology

Stewart, Rebecca; Stanton, Neville A.; Harris, Don; Baber, Chris; Salmon, Paul M.; Mock, Mel; Tatlock, Kerry; Wells, Linda; Kay, Alison

doi:10.1007/s10111-007-0094-8

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To date, the approach has been applied for this purpose in a range of domains, including land and naval warfare (Stanton 2014), aviation (Stewart et al 2008), air traffic control (Walker et al 2010), railway maintenance and the emergency services (Houghton et al 2006). Underpinning the framework is the notion that system performance can be meaningfully described via a 'network of networks' approach in which three interlinked network-based representations are used to describe and analyse activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) to explore conflicts between different road user groups when making right hand turns at urban intersections

et al. 2014

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Collisions between different types of road users at intersections form a substantial component of the road toll. This paper presents an analysis of driver, cyclist, motorcyclist and pedestrian behaviour at intersections that involved the application of an integrated suite of ergonomics methods, the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) framework, to on-road study data. EAST was used to analyse behaviour at three intersections using data derived from an on-road study of driver, cyclist, motorcyclist and pedestrian behaviour. The analysis shows the differences in behaviour and cognition across the different road user groups and pinpoints instances where this may be creating conflicts between different road users. The role of intersection design in creating these differences in behaviour and resulting conflicts is discussed. It is concluded that currently intersections are not designed in a way that supports behaviour across the four forms of road user studied. Interventions designed to improve intersection safety are discussed. Practitioner Summary: Intersection safety currently represents a key road safety issue worldwide. This paper presents a novel application of a framework of ergonomics methods for studying differences in road user behaviour at intersections. The findings support development of interventions that consider all road users as opposed to one group in isolation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) to explore conflicts between different road user groups when making right hand turns at urban intersections

et al. 2014

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“…distributed cognition) within a network-of-networks. EAST has been applied in many domains, including aviation (Stewart et al, 2008, Walker et al, 2010a, military , Stanton, 2014, road (Salmon et al, 2014), rail and the emergency services . The aim of this work is to extend the EAST method to consider risk in systems via a case study and provide an initial STS method evaluation criteria presented by Harvey and Stanton (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond human error taxonomies in assessment of risk in sociotechnical systems: a new paradigm with the EAST ‘broken-links’ approach

Stanton

Harvey

2016

Ergonomics

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Risk assessments in Sociotechnical Systems (STS) tend to be based on error taxonomies, yet the term 'human error' does not sit easily with STS theories and concepts. A new break-link approach was proposed as an alternative risk assessment paradigm to reveal the effect of information communication failures between agents and tasks on the entire STS. A case study of the training of a Royal Navy crew detecting a low flying Hawk (simulating a sea-skimming missile) is presented using EAST to model the Hawk-Frigate STS in terms of social, information and task networks. By breaking 19 social links and 12 task links, 137 potential risks were identified. Discoveries included revealing the effect of risk moving around the system; reducing the risks to the Hawk increased the risks to the Frigate. Future research should examine the effects of compounded information communication failures on STS performance. Practitioner Summary: The paper presents a step-by-step walk-through of EAST to show how it can be used for risk assessment in sociotechnical systems. The 'broken-links' method takes a systemic, rather than taxonomic, approach to identify information communication failures in social and task networks.

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“…This approach has been used previously to model submarine command and control (Stanton 2014), and other domains including aviation (Stewart et al 2008;Stanton and Harvey 2016), naval warfare ) and emergency services . Three types of networks are derived from the raw data of video and audio recordings of communications within the command team.…”

Section: Analysis Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Up periscope: understanding submarine command and control teamwork during a simulated return to periscope depth

2017

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A submarine is routinely required to return to periscope depth; however, a transition from deep to shallow waters is one the most dangerous operations due to the potential to collide with surface vessels. Submarine operations are not particularly well understood outside the immediate submarine community, particularly from a sociotechnical perspective. A submarine sounds and control room simulator was used to examine the work of ten teams. The Event Analysis of Systematic Teamwork method was used to model the social, task and information networks in order to describe team performance. Results showed that the sonar controller and operations officer are the busiest in the command team. Communication between these operators was revealed as a potential bottleneck in the command team, particularly during higher demand scenarios. The information communicated and tasks completed centred on the processing and understanding of sonar data. Implications are discussed alongside suggestions for future work.

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Distributed situation awareness in an Airborne Warning and Control System: application of novel ergonomics methodology

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

Using the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) to explore conflicts between different road user groups when making right hand turns at urban intersections

Using the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) to explore conflicts between different road user groups when making right hand turns at urban intersections

Beyond human error taxonomies in assessment of risk in sociotechnical systems: a new paradigm with the EAST ‘broken-links’ approach

Up periscope: understanding submarine command and control teamwork during a simulated return to periscope depth

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