Distributed sensing of spectrum occupancy and interference in outdoor 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi networks

Hanna, S.A.; Sydor, John

doi:10.1109/glocom.2012.6503318

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, as promising as the potentially new CR attributes of Wi-Fi are the greatest obstacle to Wi-Fi performance and IEEE 802.11 evolution remains with the CSMA/CA protocol. The simple elegance of the protocol cannot be denied, but this same simplicity forces the Media Access Control system to become encumbered with excessive inter-device signalling, mostly constituting beacons, association/de-association, authentication and probe management messages related to maintaining link integrity and security, and which occupy the bulk of Wi-Fi channel occupancy [21], [22]. A significant amount of bandwidth is also used to support the retransmission which grows exponentially with congestion [23], [24].…”

Section: B the Wi-fi Legacy And Path To Ism-advancedmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A typical example is shown in Fig. 1, which shows the maximum total throughput achieved by a Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11g) hotspotnetwork consisting of 3 client terminals and an AP operating within line of sight of each other, within an urban city environment (downtown Ottawa, Canada) where several hundred interfering Wi-Fi have been detected [21] on the most congested Wi-Fi channels (channel 6).…”

Section: B the Wi-fi Legacy And Path To Ism-advancedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One ISM-A approach to dealing with the high overhead of signalling messages [21], [22] could involve shifting some messaging to the wireline infrastructure to mediate interactions amongst wireless devices. The majority of Wi-Fi routers acting as APs are IP addressable.…”

Section: B the Wi-fi Legacy And Path To Ism-advancedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ISM-Advanced: Improved access rules for unlicensed spectrum

Medeišis

Sydor

Cremene

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DYSPAN)

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Access to unlicensed spectrum has thus far been based on simplistic rules, such as a transmission power limitation, requirement for tolerance of interference, and a relaxed out-of-band transmission mask. Such rules originate from the rudimentary applications originally envisaged for such spectrum, which don't consider the current technical capabilities of radio devices. This paper introduces the concept of "ISMAdvanced", which incorporates Cognitive Radio capabilities into the rules for unlicensed spectrum access in ISM bands. It is argued and shown that the introduction of such capabilities can significantly improve the efficiency of spectrum usage, as well as the quality of service that is experienced by spectrum users. Moreover, constraints such as on transmission power can be relaxed under the proposed scheme, and the stability in performance of unlicensed spectrum can be improved. Among many other benefits, these characteristics facilitate use of unlicensed spectrum by quality-of-service-conscious telecommunication service entities such as cellular (LTE) operators, likely in aggregation with and supplementing their licensed spectrum.In view of the increased use and allocations being seen of unlicensed spectrum, it is suggested that the policies and technical rules that govern dynamic spectrum access in ISM bands be reviewed bringing them up to a level matching technical capabilities of modern radio equipment using Cognitive Radio technology.

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Section: B the Wi-fi Legacy And Path To Ism-advancedmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: B the Wi-fi Legacy And Path To Ism-advancedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

ISM-Advanced: Improved access rules for unlicensed spectrum

Medeišis

Sydor

Cremene

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DYSPAN)

Self Cite

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“…But for wireless environments that experience a level of dynamism [10], [11], [12], these mechanisms may not work well. Also the historybased solution that is exploited by ISA100.11a may not work well, because it needs prior communications on the channel to gain enough knowledge about its condition.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Time-Slotted Channel Hopping in WSNs Using Non-intrusive Channel-Quality Estimation

Tavakoli

Nabi

Basten

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems

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Abstract-Cross-technology interference on the license-free ISM bands has a major negative effect on the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Channel hopping has been adopted in the Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode of IEEE 802.15.4e to eliminate blocking of wireless links caused by external interference on some frequency channels. This paper proposes an Enhanced version of the TSCH protocol (ETSCH) which restricts the used channels for hopping to the channels that are measured to be of good quality. The quality of channels is extracted using a new Non-Intrusive Channel-quality Estimation (NICE) technique by performing energy detections in selected idle periods every timeslot. NICE enables ETSCH to follow dynamic interference well, while it does not reduce throughput of the network. It also does not change the protocol, and does not require non-standard hardware. ETSCH uses a small Enhanced Beacon hopping Sequence List (EBSL) to broadcast periodic Enhanced Beacons (EB) in the network to synchronize nodes at the start of timeslots. Experimental results show that ETSCH improves reliability of network communication, compared to basic TSCH and a more advanced mechanism ATSCH. It provides higher packet reception ratios and reduces the maximum length of burst packet losses.

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“…For environments such as vehicles that experience a high level of interference dynamism [19,27,29,32], there should be an agile mechanism defined to perform channel quality estimation and HSL selection. Li et al [21] propose an adaptive channel selection scheme based on the multi-arm bandit problem [16].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependable Interference-Aware Time-Slotted Channel Hopping for Wireless Sensor Networks

Tavakoli

Nabi

Basten

et al. 2018

ACM Trans. Sen. Netw.

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IEEE 802.15.4 Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) aims to improve communication reliability in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) by reducing the impact of the medium access contention, multipath fading, and blocking of wireless links. While TSCH outperforms single channel communications, cross-technology interference on the license-free ISM bands may affect the performance of TSCH-based WSNs. For applications such as in-vehicle networks for which interference is dynamic over time, it leads to non-guaranteed reliability of the communications over time. This paper proposes an Enhanced version of the TSCH protocol together with a Distributed Channel Sensing technique (ETSCH+DCS) which dynamically detects good quality channels to be used for communication. The quality of channels is extracted using a combination of a central and a distributed channel-quality estimation technique. The central technique uses Non-Intrusive Channel-quality Estimation (NICE) technique which proactively performs energy detections in the idle part of each timeslot at the coordinator of the network. NICE enables ETSCH to follow dynamic interference, while it does not reduce throughput of the network. The distributed channel quality estimation technique is executed by all the nodes in the network, based on their communication history, to detect interference sources that are hidden from the coordinator. We did two sets of lab experiments with controlled interferers and a number of simulations using real-world interference data sets to evaluate ETSCH. Experimental and simulation results show that ETSCH improves reliability of network communications, compared to basic TSCH and the state of the art solution (ATSCH). In some experimental scenarios NICE itself has been able to increase the average packet reception ratio by 22% and shorten the length of burst packet losses by half, compared to the plain TSCH protocol. Further experiments show that DCS can reduce the effect of hidden interference (which is not detectable by NICE) on the packet reception ratio of the affected links by 50%.

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Distributed sensing of spectrum occupancy and interference in outdoor 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi networks

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

ISM-Advanced: Improved access rules for unlicensed spectrum

ISM-Advanced: Improved access rules for unlicensed spectrum

Enhanced Time-Slotted Channel Hopping in WSNs Using Non-intrusive Channel-Quality Estimation

Dependable Interference-Aware Time-Slotted Channel Hopping for Wireless Sensor Networks

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