Distributed numerical model for estimating runoff and sediment discharge of ungaged rivers 2. Model development

Abstract

This is the second of a series of three papers describing the methodology of development of a distributed model for estimating runoff and sediment discharge of ungaged rivers. This paper presents the design of the model which permits its application to watersheds of any size and the obtaining of runoff and sediment time series at any point of the river basin which is being modeled. The model requires inputs which are usually available for most areas and/or can easily be synthesized from secondary sources or by transposition. The model was designed with the aim of keeping the number of model parameters at a minimum. It permits the simulation of the nonlinear response of the watershed elements to the meteorological input. The model calibration and validation were carried out by using data available in a river basin in southern Ontario. A more detailed analysis of the calibration‐validation results is presented in the third paper of the series.

Land use effects on sediment yield and quality

“…The use of stratification techniques has been applied to some study areas and attempts to calculate mass balances on individual strata are characteristic of the square grid method of Solomon & Gupta (1977), noted in Fig. 8, and of the three phase method of Kennedy & Oldham (1972) noted in Figs.…”

A SPATIALLY RESPONSIVE HYDROLOGIC MODEL TO PREDICT EROSION AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT1

“…In very recent years, a number of investigators have applied these concepts to the modeling of erosion and sediment transport (e.g., David and Beer, 1975;Onstad and Foster, 1975;Kuh and Reddell, 1977;Beasley, et al, 1977;Solomon and Gupta, 1977;Decoursey, etal., 1978).…”

Sediment Delivery: New Approaches to Modelling an Old Problem

“…The earliest spatially distributed models of sediment yield were multivariate linear regression models (Anderson, 1954;Anderson, 1957;André and Anderson, 1961). These models were later developed as grid-based methods involving systematic inventories of land-surface attributes in ungauged basins (Solomon and Gupta, 1977;Cluis et al, 1979; and see below).The second category of model seeks to build on fundamental hydrologic and hydraulic processes, where the separate effects of climate forcing, catchment conditions and anthropogenic influences can all be identified (e.g. Flanagan and Nearing, 1995;Morgan et al, 1998).…”

“…The earliest spatially distributed models of sediment yield were multivariate linear regression models (Anderson, 1954;Anderson, 1957;André and Anderson, 1961). These models were later developed as grid-based methods involving systematic inventories of land-surface attributes in ungauged basins (Solomon and Gupta, 1977;Cluis et al, 1979; and see below).…”