Distributed Ledger Technology for Smart Cities, the Sharing Economy, and Social Compliance

Ferraro, Pietro; King, Christopher; Shorten, Robert

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2876766

Cited by 102 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…They investigated the factors that affect the adoption of blockchain in supply chain including scalability, performance, consensus mechanism, privacy considerations, location proof and cost. Ferraro et al [29] described how distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) can be used to enforce social contracts and to orchestrate the behavior of agents trying to access a shared resource. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of using DLTs architectures to implement certain control systems in an Internet of Things (IoT) setting, they proposed an application of DLTs as a mechanism for dynamic deposit pricing, wherein the deposit of digital currency is used to orchestrate access to a network of shared resources.…”

Section: Blockchain Smart Contracts and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ropsten: Ropsten is an Ethereum blockchain to test applications (a testnet) [29]. Among the testnets, Ropsten is the one that most closely follows the main Ethereum blockchain (Mainnet).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infura is needed because of the computing power of the Raspberry Pi does not allow to connect it directly to the Ethereum network. • Ropsten: Ropsten is an Ethereum blockchain to test applications (a testnet) [29]. Among the testnets, Ropsten is the one that most closely follows the main Ethereum blockchain (Mainnet).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cost Analysis of Internet of Things Sensor Data Storage on Blockchain via Smart Contracts

et al. 2020

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Blockchain is a developing technology that can be utilized for secure data storage and sharing. In this work, we examine the cost of Blockchain-based data storage for constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices. We had two phases in the study. In the first phase, we stored data retrieved from a temperature/humidity sensor connected to an Ethereum testnet blockchain using smart contracts in two different ways: first, appending the new data to the existing data, storing all sensor data; and second, overwriting the new data onto the existing data, storing only a recent portion of the data. In the second phase, we stored simulated data from several sensors on the blockchain assuming sensor data is numeric. We proposed a method for encoding the data from the sensors in one variable and compared the costs of storing the data in an array versus storing the encoded data from all sensors in one variable. We also compared the costs of carrying out the encoding within the smart contract versus outside the smart contract. In the first phase, our results indicate that overwriting data points is more cost-efficient than appending them. In the second phase, using the proposed encoding method to store the data from several sensors costs significantly less than storing the data in an array, if the encoding is done outside the smart contract. If the encoding is carried out in the smart contract, the cost is still less than storing the data in an array, however, the difference is not significant. The study shows that even though expensive, for applications where the integrity and transparency of data are crucial, storing IoT sensor data on Ethereum could be a reliable solution.

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Section: Blockchain Smart Contracts and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ropsten: Ropsten is an Ethereum blockchain to test applications (a testnet) [29]. Among the testnets, Ropsten is the one that most closely follows the main Ethereum blockchain (Mainnet).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cost Analysis of Internet of Things Sensor Data Storage on Blockchain via Smart Contracts

et al. 2020

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“…The vehicle may temporarily act as a local generator, if it is established to have excess energy stored. Furthermore, blockchain technology could enable shared EV charging from a single charging station, thus minimising charge port anxiety for users [67]. EV charging infrastructure designers may want to consider the above for projects in the near future, but are some time from any of these concepts being realised in a significant capacity.…”

Section: ) Tokenised Energy Advanced Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Tier Framework for Understanding Disruption Trajectories for Blockchain in the Electricity Industry

Villiers¹,

Cuffe²

2020

Preprint

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Ever since the invention of Bitcoin by the pseudonymous Satashi Nakamoto, cryptocurrency has provoked debate in banking and finance sectors, and is sometimes considered a potential successor to fiat currency. Blockchain, the new technology underpinning decentralised and immutable databases, has seen much discussion as a potentially game-changing development. Although many industries are exploring its value, the technology has thus far made only minor impacts. A rapidly expanding base of research has emerged on blockchain's role as a potential disruptor in the electrical energy industry. However, it may be difficult to distinguish hype from more imminently plausible impacts. This paper attempts to serve as a guide for engineering management wishing to make sense of blockchain's potential in electricity. This is accomplished by formulating a novel blockchain industry disruption framework, which exists across three tiers. These tiers extend from ideas with the least effect on an industry to total revolutionary concepts that could completely transform an industry. This taxonomy is constructed by examining existing research into disruption hierarchies and blockchain classification methods. Through the lens of this taxonomy, a literature review is performed on blockchain's role in energy to draw out themes and ideas characterising each tier. The potential likelihood of real-world application of various ideas are discussed, giving consideration to how established industries may be affected or disrupted. The authors provide some conjecture here. Finally, courses of action are suggested for those whose sector may be affected by blockchain.

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“…As one of the more recent technological innovations, blockchain technology, a distributed ledger to create append-only immutable databases, has attracted much interest in smart-city researchers and builders [9,10]. However, to date, there is no comprehensive framework available to identify research clusters and to also derive relevant research questions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain as a Driver for Smart City Development: Application Fields and a Comprehensive Research Agenda

2020

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The term “Smart City” denotes a comprehensive concept to alleviate pending problems of modern urban areas which have developed into an important work field for practitioners and scholars alike. However, the question remains as to how cities can become “smart”. The application of information technology is generally considered a key driver in the “smartization” of cities. Detailed frameworks and procedures are therefore needed to guide, operationalize, and measure the implementation process as well as the impact of the respective technologies. In this paper, we discuss blockchain technology, a novel driver of technological transformation that comprises a multitude of underlying technologies and protocols, and its potential impact on smart cities. We specifically address the question of how blockchain technology may benefit the development of urban areas. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we present a framework and research propositions. We identify nine application fields of blockchain technology in the smartization of cities: (1) healthcare, (2) logistics and supply chains, (3) mobility, (4) energy, (5) administration and services, (6) e-voting, (7) factory, (8) home and (9) education. We discuss current developments in these fields, illustrate how they are affected by blockchain technology and derive propositions to guide future research endeavors.

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Distributed Ledger Technology for Smart Cities, the Sharing Economy, and Social Compliance

Cited by 102 publications

References 42 publications

A Cost Analysis of Internet of Things Sensor Data Storage on Blockchain via Smart Contracts

A Cost Analysis of Internet of Things Sensor Data Storage on Blockchain via Smart Contracts

A Three-Tier Framework for Understanding Disruption Trajectories for Blockchain in the Electricity Industry

Blockchain as a Driver for Smart City Development: Application Fields and a Comprehensive Research Agenda

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