Distributed energy resource aggregation using customer-owned equipment: A review of literature and standards

Obi, Manasseh; Slay, Tylor; Bass, R.

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2020.08.035

Cited by 41 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The stochastic solution considers factors such as the uncertainties about the prediction of market price, energy demand, or generation in the VPP's optimal operation. VPP architectures and optimization solutions are proposed for aggregating building-side energy resources to participate in the wholesale power market and distribution network-side regulation market [17], [18], [19]. Some authors are aiming to minimize the community costs by reducing the positive values representing the buying of energy from the community (consumption) with the negative values representing the selling of energy to the community (production) [20], [21].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Based Decentralized Virtual Power Plants of Small Prosumers

et al. 2021

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The deployment of small-scale renewable energy sources will transform the management of energy grids towards more decentralized solutions in which the prosumers will have a more active role. Regulatory and market barriers are driving the implementation of virtual aggregation models in which the small-scale prosumers work together on a larger scale to gain benefits that could not be obtained on an individual basis. In this paper, we propose to use public blockchain and self-enforcing smart contracts to construct Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) of prosumers to provide energy services. A model has been defined for capturing the prosumer level constraints in terms of available energy profiles and energy service requirements enabling their optimal aggregation in hierarchical structures. A lightweight decentralized solution for VPPs construction is implemented using smart contracts enabling its efficient running on the public blockchain. Smart contracts are encoding the model constraints and are defining functionalities for prosumers to initiate or join a VPP implementing the complete chain of Offer-Operate-Measure-Remunerate actions. The VPP will be managed on top of a distributed ledger technology offering decentralized functionality for tracking and validating the delivery of energy based on the blockchain transactions and for energy and financial settlement, the remuneration being done according to the amount of energy provided by individual prosumers. Experimental results show that the proposed solution runs successfully on the public blockchain with good execution time and can address Balancing Responsible Party requests for additional generation. The overhead in terms of gas consumption and transactional throughput stays within reasonable boundaries.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Based Decentralized Virtual Power Plants of Small Prosumers

et al. 2021

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“…The literature on DER roles, policy, and integration is broad, covering the links between DER adoption and energy policy, permitting and interconnection rules, tariffs, and utility ownership structure (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35); DER business and regulatory models (36); DER cost shifting implications and potential solutions (33,37); and the role of DER in integrating renewable energy and enhancing grid flexibility (26,38). Although many studies have focused on specific aspects and issues related to DER deployment in the United States, there is still a lack of a systematic review and organization in the existing literature on the use of enabling policies, market expansion strategies, and business model development for DERs.…”

Section: Review Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DERs have the potential to transform existing electricity systems, thereby reducing power system infrastructure and operating costs, improving power system reliability and resilience, and increasing power systems' ability to integrate VRE (26,97). The United States has seen rapid growth in DERs over the past several years, propelled by federal and state policies and regulations.…”

Section: Conclusion and Insights For Other Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DERs offer numerous services and provide value to three different power system perspectives-regional system operators, utilities, and customers (see Table 1). Many of these services are critical for operating a stable and flexible electricity system powered by VRE (26). In addition to the benefit of grid flexibility, DERs could also play an increasingly critical role in improving power system resilience to deal with significant disruptions resulting from severe weather, deadly wildfires, and other extreme events (27).…”

Section: Contents 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facilitating Power Grid Decarbonization with Distributed Energy Resources: Lessons from the United States

Shen

Kahrl

Satchwell

2021

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

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Decarbonizing power grids is an essential pillar of global efforts to mitigate climate change impacts. Renewable energy generation is expected to play an important role in electricity decarbonization, although its variability and uncertainty are creating new flexibility challenges for electric grid operators that must match supply with constantly changing demand. Distributed energy resources (DERs)—including distributed generation, demand response, and distributed energy storage—can play an important role in providing the flexibility needed to integrate high penetrations of renewable energy. This article examines federal and state enabling policies and regulations for DER, market strategies and business models that have facilitated DER expansion, and key emerging challenges for DER in the United States. Based on a review of the US experience, the article offers lessons for other countries, focusing on the role and limits of policy, the facilitative role of utility regulatory reform, the need to balance different interests in tariff design, the benefits of DER participation in wholesale markets, and the importance of proactive interconnection policies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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“…In the traditional electrical grid, power is generated in large, centralized plants and then transmitted to the end-user using one-directional flows [1]. The need to meet the challenges and targets regarding energy savings and environmental protection lead to an increase in interest in the use of technologies such as smart grids [2][3][4][5], distributed energy resources [6][7][8], as well as the need for the development of new management structures [9][10][11][12][13][14] for the resulting systems. In addition to generation units, distributed energy resources (DER) systems may also include storage and transmission capacities, as well as infrastructure for the connection and control of the use of all the installed technologies [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model Predictive Control-Based Decision-Making Strategy for Residential Microgrids

Mechleri

Dorneanu

Arellano‐García

2022

Eng

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This work presents the development of a decision-making strategy for fulfilling the power and heat demands of small residential neighborhoods. The decision on the optimal operation of a microgrid is based on the model predictive control (MPC) rolling horizon. In the design of the residential microgrid, the new approach different technologies, such as photovoltaic (PV) arrays, micro-combined heat and power (micro-CHP) units, conventional boilers and heat and electricity storage tanks are considered. Moreover, electricity transfer between the microgrid components and the national grid are possible. The MPC problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. The proposed novel approach is applied to two case studies: one without electricity storage, and one integrated microgrid with electricity storage. The results show the benefits of considering the integrated microgrid, as well as the advantage of including electricity storage.

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Distributed energy resource aggregation using customer-owned equipment: A review of literature and standards

Cited by 41 publications

References 52 publications

Blockchain-Based Decentralized Virtual Power Plants of Small Prosumers

Blockchain-Based Decentralized Virtual Power Plants of Small Prosumers

Facilitating Power Grid Decarbonization with Distributed Energy Resources: Lessons from the United States

A Model Predictive Control-Based Decision-Making Strategy for Residential Microgrids

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