Distortion modelling of steel 316l symmetric base plate for additive manufacturing process and experimental calibration

Kiran, A. Ravi; Hodek, Josef; Vavřík, Jaroslav; Lukáš, Ondřej; Urbánek, Miroslav

doi:10.37904/metal.2020.3565

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The material was deposited after the base plate surface temperature was stable in respective cases. The temperature of the base plate surface was measured using a thermocouple type “K” [ 24 ]. The rate of temperature increase for preheating the base plate and cooling rate after deposition was monitored using real-time thermocouple data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The material was deposited for five different cases, namely the base plate at room temperature and preheated temperatures of 200 • C, 300 • C, 400 • C, and 500 • C. The material was deposited after the base plate surface temperature was stable in respective cases. The temperature of the base plate surface was measured using a thermocouple type "K" [24]. The rate of temperature increase for preheating the base plate and cooling rate after deposition was monitored using real-time thermocouple data.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures 21 Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This contributes to the fine microstructure created due to the large thermal gradient. Heat buildup in the deposited structure occurs due to continuous deposition [ 24 ]. Therefore, a higher temperature could appear during the middle section deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Base Plate Preheating Effect on Microstructure of 316L Stainless Steel Single Track Deposition by Directed Energy Deposition

et al. 2021

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The microstructural morphology in additive manufacturing (AM) has a significant influence on the building structure. High-energy concentric heat source scanning leads to rapid heating and cooling during material deposition. This results in a unique microstructure. The size and morphology of the microstructure have a strong directionality, which depends on laser power, scanning rate, melt pool fluid dynamics, and material thermal properties, etc. The grain structure significantly affects its resistance to solidification cracking and mechanical properties. Microstructure control is challenging for AM considering multiple process parameters. A preheating base plate has a significant influence on residual stress, defect-free AM structure, and it also minimizes thermal mismatch during the deposition. In the present work, a simple single track deposition experiment was designed to analyze base plate preheating on microstructure. The microstructural evolution at different preheating temperatures was studied in detail, keeping process parameters constant. The base plate was heated uniformly from an external heating source and set the stable desired temperature on the surface of the base plate before deposition. A single track was deposited on the base plate at room temperature and preheating temperatures of 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C. Subsequently, the resulting microstructural morphologies were analyzed and compared. The microstructure was evaluated using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) imaging in the transverse and longitudinal sections. An increase in grain size area fraction was observed as the preheating temperature increased. Base plate preheating did not show influence on grain boundary misorientation. An increase in the deposition depth was noticed for higher base plate preheating temperatures. The results were convincing that grain morphology and columnar grain orientation can be tailored by base plate preheating.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Procedures 21 Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Base Plate Preheating Effect on Microstructure of 316L Stainless Steel Single Track Deposition by Directed Energy Deposition

et al. 2021

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“…AM is in the center focus, due to its limitless design manufacturability, various customized material deposition, and ability to automate the manufacturing process, which are few key factors that capitalize over traditional manufacturing methods. AM has achieved immense growth, due to progress in several fields, such as numerical simulations, materials modeling, software development related to AM, customized powder materials preparation for AM, characterizing techniques, and so on [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Virtual engineering, with the help of numerical modeling, is a powerful tool for the swift progress of AM technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal history prediction for thermo-mechanical simulation plays a vital role in the calculation of residual stresses and structures distortion [ 3 , 10 ]. Precise thermal history calculation is the first key step for the successful implementation of a numerical model in AM process simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Source Modeling and Residual Stress Analysis for Metal Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2022

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The advancement in additive manufacturing encourages the development of simplified tools for deep and swift research of the technology. Several approaches were developed to reduce the complexity of multi-track modeling for additive manufacturing. In the present work, a simple heat source model called concentrated heat source was evaluated for single- and multi-track deposition for directed energy deposition. The concentrated heat source model was compared with the widely accepted Goldak heat source model. The concentrated heat source does not require melt pool dimension measurement for thermal model simulation. Thus, it reduces the considerable time for preprocessing. The shape of the melt pool and temperature contour around the heat source was analyzed for single-track deposition. A good agreement was noticed for the concentrated heat source model melt pool, with an experimentally determined melt pool, using an optical microscope. Two heat source models were applied to multi-track 3D solid structure thermo-mechanical simulation. The results of the two models, for thermal history and residual stress, were compared with experimentally determined data. A good agreement was found for both models. The concentrated heat source model reported less than the half the computational time required for the Goldak model. The validated model, for 3D solid structure thermo-mechanical simulation, was used to analyze thermal stress evolution during the deposition process. The material deposition on the base plate at room temperature results in lower peak temperatures in the layers near the base plate. Consequently, the higher thermal stress in the layers near the base plate was found, compared to the upper layers during the deposition process.

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Effect of deposit thickness on microstructure and mechanical properties at ambient and elevated temperatures for Inconel 718 superalloy fabricated by directed energy deposition

Liu

Dlouhý

Koukolíková

et al. 2022

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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Distortion modelling of steel 316l symmetric base plate for additive manufacturing process and experimental calibration

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Base Plate Preheating Effect on Microstructure of 316L Stainless Steel Single Track Deposition by Directed Energy Deposition

Base Plate Preheating Effect on Microstructure of 316L Stainless Steel Single Track Deposition by Directed Energy Deposition

Heat Source Modeling and Residual Stress Analysis for Metal Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing

Effect of deposit thickness on microstructure and mechanical properties at ambient and elevated temperatures for Inconel 718 superalloy fabricated by directed energy deposition

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