Distortion-free inside-out imaging for rapid diagnostics of rechargeable Li-ion cells

Romanenko, Konstantin; Jerschow, Alexej

doi:10.1073/pnas.1906976116

Cited by 22 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The magnetic components present in the cell give rise to artifacts in the images, and consequently in the obtained magnetic field maps. These distortions are due to the loss of signal as a consequence of dephasing of the transverse magnetization and additional image misregistration due to strong background gradients [17] . PCA was applied to the MRI results, obtaining a PCA plot with very poor distinction of the different cells and an unclear progression of the points over charge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Inside‐Out NMR Assessment of Rechargeable Cells

Pigliapochi

Benders

Mohammadi

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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Rechargeable battery cells are notoriously difficult to analyze. Conductive casings and the close spacing between electrode layers prevent the penetration of radiofrequency into the active compartment, and thus preclude direct nuclear magnetic resonance studies of cells unless they are specifically designed for such studies. Recently, an inside‐out magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method was developed that allowed measuring the magnetic field distributions in the volume surrounding the cells, and inferring internal parameters, such as the state of charge and current distributions. While the imaging approach provides a potentially very detailed picture of internal mechanisms, it can often be sensitive to background gradients and can be slow. In this work, an alternative approach is presented, which is based on the acquisition of free induction decays in the sample volume surrounding the cells. The signals encode intrinsic battery properties via the induced magnetic fields from the battery materials. A large range of cells were studied with different cathode materials, electrolyte amounts and cycle numbers (age). The spectroscopic signatures from these studies are shown to provide strong classification power for cathode materials. In addition, the derived principal components follow distinct pathways as a function of state of charge. The method is simple and fast (completes in less than a second), and requires only minimal hardware.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Inside‐Out NMR Assessment of Rechargeable Cells

Pigliapochi

Benders

Mohammadi

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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“…Further development of in situ NMR for battery application should focus on adaptation of the technique to the characterization of real industrial batteries instead of dealing with significantly simplified cells ignoring multiple factors influencing the cell performance. An inside-out imaging approach was reported recently, when it was demonstrated that the monitoring of magnetic field perturbation around the battery could provide reliable information about the design, state of charge, accumulated mechanical defects, and manufacturing flaws of the device [83,84]. Of course, in reality, a combination of factors could be involved into battery degradation, and each of them would affect the field distribution.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Magnetic Resonance Techniques to the In Situ Characterization of Li-Ion Batteries: A Review

2020

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In situ magnetic resonance (MR) techniques, such as nuclear MR and MR imaging, have recently gained significant attention in the battery community because of their ability to provide real-time quantitative information regarding material chemistry, ion distribution, mass transport, and microstructure formation inside an operating electrochemical cell. MR techniques are non-invasive and non-destructive, and they can be applied to both liquid and solid (crystalline, disordered, or amorphous) samples. Additionally, MR equipment is available at most universities and research and development centers, making MR techniques easily accessible for scientists worldwide. In this review, we will discuss recent research results in the field of in situ MR for the characterization of Li-ion batteries with a particular focus on experimental setups, such as pulse sequence programming and cell design, for overcoming the complications associated with the heterogeneous nature of energy storage devices. A comprehensive approach combining proper hardware and software will allow researchers to collect reliable high-quality data meeting industrial standards.

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“…While conventional MRI is not able to investigate the processes within commercial batteries due to the difficulty for radiofrequency (RF) to penetrate through their metal casings or through the electrode layers, the insideout MRI (ioMRI) approach is able to reveal important information by analyzing the magnetic susceptibility changes of the cell's materials via the measurement of the magnetic field distributions around the cell. This approach has been employed to detect susceptibility variations caused by changes in the cell as well as to investigate changes in direct current distributions across the device [14,15,16,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping oscillating magnetic fields around rechargeable batteries

Benders,

Mohammadi,

Ganter

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Power storage devices such as batteries are a crucial part of modern technology. The development and use of batteries has accelerated in the past decades, yet there are only a few techniques that allow gathering vital information from battery cells in a nonivasive fashion. A widely used technique to investigate batteries is electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which provides information on how the impedance of a cell changes as a function of the frequency of applied alternating currents. Building on recent developments of inside-out MRI (ioMRI), a technique is presented here which produces spatially-resolved maps of the oscillating magnetic fields originating from the alternating electrical currents distributed within a cell. The technique works by using an MRI pulse sequence synchronized with a gated alternating current applied to the cell terminals. The approach is benchmarked with a current-carrying wire coil, and demonstrated with commercial and prototype lithium-ion cells. Marked changes in the fields are observed for different cell types.

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Distortion-free inside-out imaging for rapid diagnostics of rechargeable Li-ion cells

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Ultrafast Inside‐Out NMR Assessment of Rechargeable Cells

Ultrafast Inside‐Out NMR Assessment of Rechargeable Cells

Application of Magnetic Resonance Techniques to the In Situ Characterization of Li-Ion Batteries: A Review

Mapping oscillating magnetic fields around rechargeable batteries

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