Distinct T‐cell subtypes induced with whole cell and acellular pertussis vaccines in children

Abstract

Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that new generation acellular pertussis vaccines can confer protection against whooping cough. However, the mechanism of protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis infection induced by vaccination remains to be defined. We have examined cellular immune responses in children immunized with a range of acellular and whole cell pertussis vaccines. Immunization of children with a potent whole-cell vaccine induced B. pertussis-specific T cells that secreted interferon-y (IFN-y), but not interleukin-5 (IL-5). In contrast, T cells from children immunized with acellular pertussis vaccines secreted IFN-y and/or IL-5 following stimulation with B. pertussis antigens in vitro. These observations suggest that protective immunity conferred by whole-cell vaccines, like natural immunity, is mediated by type 1 T cells, whereas the mechanism of immune protection generated with acellular vaccines may be more heterogenous, involving T cells that secreted type 1 and type 2 cytokines.

Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Protects against Exacerbation of Allergic Asthma Due toBordetella pertussisin a Murine Model

“…Both Pa immunization and OVA sensitization induce powerful Th2 responses in mice (15,27,50), whereas B. pertussis infection induces strong Th1 responses in mice and children (37,52). The goal of this study was to examine the possibility that Pa immunization enhances allergic sensitization; however, it was also necessary to examine the confounding influence of sensitizing antigen upon clearance.…”

“…It has been shown previously (8) that B. pertussis infection enhances the OVA-induced IL-10 and IL-13 detectable in BALF specimens and from spleen cell cultures stimulated with specific antigen. Pa immunization is known to induce Th2 cytokines (1,52), although its effect on IL-13 production is unknown. In order to dissect the influence of immunization on airway hyperresponsiveness, cell-mediated immune responses were examined in spleen cell preparations from the various study groups.…”

B Cell Memory Is Directed toward Conformational Epitopes of Parvovirus B19 Capsid Proteins and the Unique Region of VP1

“…PBMCs were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation, as described elsewhere [17]. PBMCs ( cells/mL) were cultured for 5 days 6 5 ϫ 10 in complete RPMI 1640, in the presence of heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I cells (SACs) (Calbiochem) diluted 1:5000 and of 10 ng of IL-2/mL (Serotec).…”

Pertussis Vaccine Effectiveness in the Setting of Pertactin-Deficient Pertussis

“…[8][9][10] Possible explanations for this include waning immunity, less protective immune responses induced by acellular pertussis vaccines, increased provider awareness and reporting, and more sensitive diagnostic techniques. [11][12][13][14][15] Additionally, genetic changes in the bacteria could have a role in the resurgence of disease. The proportion of pertussis strains in the United States lacking pertactin sharply increased from 14% in 2010 to 85% in 2012.…”