We systematically investigate the photoexcited (PE) quasi-particle (QP) relaxation and lowenergy electronic structure in electron doped Ba(Fe1−xCox)2As2 single crystals as a function of Co doping, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.11. The evolution of the photoinduced reflectivity transients with x proceeds with no abrupt changes. In the orthorhombic spin-density-wave (SDW) state a bottleneck associated with a partial charge-gap opening is detected, similar to previous results in different SDW iron-pnictides. The relative charge gap magnitude 2∆(0)/kBTs decreases with increasing x. In the superconducting (SC) state an additional relaxational component appears due to a partial (or complete) destruction of the SC state proceeding on a sub-0.5-picosecond timescale. From the SC component saturation behavior the optical SC-state destruction energy, Up/kB = 0.3 K/Fe, is determined near the optimal doping. The subsequent relatively slow recovery of the SC state indicates clean SC gaps. The T -dependence of the transient reflectivity amplitude in the normal state is consistent with the presence of a pseudogap in the QP density of states. The polarization anisotropy of the transients suggests that the pseudogap-like behavior might be associated with a broken 4-fold rotational symmetry resulting from nematic electronic fluctuations persisting up to T ≃ 200 K at any x. The second moment of the Eliashberg function, obtained from the relaxation rate in the metallic state at higher temperatures, indicates a moderate electron phonon coupling, λ 0.3, that decreases with increasing doping.