Distinct Morpho-Physiological Responses of Maize to Salinity Stress

Dikobe, Tshegofatso Bridget; Mashile, Boitumelo; Sinthumule, Rotondwa Rabelani; Ruzvidzo, Oziniel

doi:10.4236/ajps.2021.126064

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Saline soils contain high levels of soluble salts, causing damage to the plant by reducing the uptake of nutrients and disturbing their water relations. Plant growth and development are inhibited by salinity, causing a drastic decrease in production, which is linked with a decrease in photosynthesis efficiency [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Salinity Stress in Maize Seedlings by the Application of Vermicompost and Sorghum Water Extracts

Alamer

Perveen

Khaliq

et al. 2022

Plants

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Abiotic stresses are important constraints limiting crop productivity worldwide. Salinity is one of the most devastating environmental factors restraining the production of crops. It is urgently needed to search for environmentally safe and sustainable approaches to mitigate the harmful effects of salinity on plants. Hence, applying vermicompost and low-dose aqueous extract of sorghum delivers a pragmatic solution to ameliorate the detrimental outcomes of salinity on maize seedlings (Zea mays L.). The experiment consisted of three factors, each at different levels, i.e., salinity (control, 6, and 12 dS m−1), vermicompost (control, 5, and 10%), and sorghum water extract (control, 1, and 2%). Higher salt stress negatively influenced the morpho-physiological traits of maize. Nonetheless, applying vermicompost and sorghum water extract at 10% and 2%, respectively, increased tolerance against salinity. The application of 2% sorghum water extract and 10% vermicompost significantly improved morphological characteristics, chlorophyll contents, activities of antioxidant enzymes, leaf and root K+/Na+ ratio, and K+ contents. It decreased Na+ concentration, H2O2, and malondialdehyde contents at higher salinity levels. It can be concluded that soil-applied vermicompost and foliar-applied sorghum water extract mitigates the adverse impacts of salinity by activating the antioxidant defense system, improving chlorophyll contents, and reducing the accumulation of Na+ under salinity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Salinity Stress in Maize Seedlings by the Application of Vermicompost and Sorghum Water Extracts

Alamer

Perveen

Khaliq

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…For example, stress accumulation of Na + leads to competition with K + for protein binding, which inhibits protein synthesis ( Schachtman and Liu, 1999 ; Pardo and Quintero, 2002 ). Physiologically speaking, salt stress reduced stomatal number, stomatal density, and photosynthesis, and increased the respiration rate in plants (100 and 200 mM NaCl) ( Dikobe et al, 2021 ). Biochemically, enzyme content such as amount of soluble proteins, total free amino acids, prolines, Na + , and malondialdehyde was increased under alkaline treatment (75 mM Na 2 CO 3 ) ( Abdel Latef and Tran, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GWAS and RNA-seq analysis uncover candidate genes associated with alkaline stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings

Jia

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Soil salt-alkalization is a common yet critical environmental stress factor for plant growth and development. Discovering and exploiting genes associated with alkaline tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) is helpful for improving alkaline resistance. Here, an association panel consisting of 200 maize lines was used to identify the genetic loci responsible for alkaline tolerance-related traits in maize seedlings. A total of nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their associated candidate genes were found to be significantly associated with alkaline tolerance using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). An additional 200 genes were identified when the screen was extended to include a linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay distance of r2 ≥ 0.2 from the SNPs. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was then conducted to confirm the linkage between the candidate genes and alkali tolerance. From these data, a total of five differentially expressed genes (DEGs; |log2FC| ≥ 0.585, p < 0.05) were verified as the hub genes involved in alkaline tolerance. Subsequently, two candidate genes, Zm00001d038250 and Zm00001d001960, were verified to affect the alkaline tolerance of maize seedlings by qRT-PCR analysis. These genes were putatively involved protein binding and “flavonoid biosynthesis process,” respectively, based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses. Gene promoter region contains elements related to stress and metabolism. The results of this study will help further elucidate the mechanisms of alkaline tolerance in maize, which will provide the groundwork for future breeding projects.

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“…A total of 30 seeds were selected for uniformity in terms of size and physical appearance, and 5 seeds per plant pot during experimentation. The seeds were surface sterilized following the procedure described by Dikobe et al (2021), where they were collected in a 50 ml falcon tube with 70% (v/v) ethanol and vortexed for a minute, followed by further decontamination with 1.25% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite solution (bleach) for 10 minutes. Immediately after surface sterilization and decontamination, the seeds were washed three times with 3 ml of sterile distilled water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of the morpho-physiological traits of maize (Zea mays L.) under salt stress

2022

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Agriculture is an essential sector for the increasing world population, hence the need for more food production. However, the aim of increasing food crop production is mostly suppressed by abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. Salinity is a major limiting factor that inhibits the potential of plant growth and productivity worldwide. Hence, understanding the mechanisms behind plant stress response is important for developing new biomarker approaches that will increase salt tolerance in crops. To survive, plants exhibit various morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes when faced with saline conditions. This study was carried out to explore and evaluate the morphological and physiological effects of salinity on maize grown in the absence/presence of NaCl, followed by measurement of the various growth parameters at the end of a treatment cycle. Results of the study revealed that salt stress significantly decreased growth parameters such as plant height, leaf number, leaf width, leaf area, leaf length, and shoot (weight and length). On the other hand, salinity decreased physiological traits such as stomatal count, stomatal density, transpiration, and respiration rates. This study has shown the negative effects of salt stress on the morphology and physiology of maize. These findings can be used as a reference tool in stress response studies focusing on salt stress pathways in maize and other related crops.

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Distinct Morpho-Physiological Responses of Maize to Salinity Stress

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Mitigation of Salinity Stress in Maize Seedlings by the Application of Vermicompost and Sorghum Water Extracts

Mitigation of Salinity Stress in Maize Seedlings by the Application of Vermicompost and Sorghum Water Extracts

GWAS and RNA-seq analysis uncover candidate genes associated with alkaline stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings

Elucidation of the morpho-physiological traits of maize (Zea mays L.) under salt stress

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