Distinct CSF cytokine/chemokine profiles in atopic myelitis and other causes of myelitis

Abstract

Intrathecal upregulation of CCL11 and Th2 cytokines is characteristic of atopic myelitis, which is distinct from interleukin-17/interferon-gamma-related autoimmune condition of opticospinal multiple sclerosis.

An Autopsy Case of the Marburg Variant of Multiple Sclerosis (Acute Multiple Sclerosis)

“…The level of IL-9 is significantly increased in patients with atopic myelitis; however, this value was not elevated in our patient (17,18). Although MS is regarded to be a white matter disease, recent histopathological studies of early MS (25)(26)(27)(28)(29) have revealed lesions in the leptomeninges and gray matter to be important initial targets of the MS process.…”

“…There were no oligoclonal IgG bands in the CSF. The pretreatment CSF cytokine/chemokine levels demonstrated elevation of type II helper T-cell (Th2) cytokines/ chemokines, such as eotaxin (4.73 pg/mL), IL-5 (22.2 pg/ mL) and IL-10 (12.19 pg/mL), compared with the findings of past studies regarding CSF cytokine/chemokine profiles (17,18). In contrast, the levels of INF-γ (<0.64 pg/ mL), IL-2 (0.91 pg/mL), IL-9 (5.02 pg/mL) and IL-17 (0.45 pg/mL) were not increased (Fig.…”

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of atopic myelitis: Korean experience

“…Immunologically, AM appears to be different from other myelitis diseases associated with MS or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in that type 2 helper T (Th2) cell response is predominant in the former whereas Th1 cell response is predominant in the latter [21][22][23]. More recently, CSF cytokine/chemokine analysis showing upregulation of chemokine-ligand-11/interleukin-9, which is important for eosinophil recruitment and maturation, has lent further supported the allergic nature of AM [24].…”

Acute inflammatory myelopathies

“…However, atopic myelitis is distinguished from NMO by the absence of the anti-AQP4 antibody. In addition, CSF levels of IL-9 and CCL11/eotaxin are elevated in atopic myelitis cases, whereas in NMO patients CSF levels of Il-17 and interferon-g levels are elevated (Tanaka et al, 2008).…”