1980
DOI: 10.2214/ajr.135.2.339
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Distended left renal vein: CT/sonographic normal variant

Abstract: The left renal vein frequently demonstrates a marked variation in caliber between the part distal to the aorta and the part directly in front of the aorta. This is well seen on both computed tomography (CT) and sonography. This variation in caliber or distention is believed to be secondary to a "nutcracker" effect formed by the aorta posteriorly and the superior mesenteric artery anteriorly. The third part of the duodenum may also add to the pincer effect on the left renal vein. A series of 72 patients was exa… Show more

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Cited by 122 publications
(83 citation statements)
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“…A varicocele is a dilation of the scrotal portion of the pampiniform plexus/internal spermatic venous system that drains the testicle; 75-90% of varicoceles are left-sided and may result in part from increased pressure to the internal spermatic vein [4]. Theories about the cause range from the increased length of the left side for drainage into the inferior vena cava, possible compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta (the 'nutcracker' phenomenon), and absent or malfunctioning venous valves [5,6].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A varicocele is a dilation of the scrotal portion of the pampiniform plexus/internal spermatic venous system that drains the testicle; 75-90% of varicoceles are left-sided and may result in part from increased pressure to the internal spermatic vein [4]. Theories about the cause range from the increased length of the left side for drainage into the inferior vena cava, possible compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta (the 'nutcracker' phenomenon), and absent or malfunctioning venous valves [5,6].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Distention of the LRV can also be seen [33]. The course of the LRV, whether it is preaortic, retroaortic or circumaortic should be delineated.…”
Section: Imaging Findingsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Buschi et al evaluated CT scan, ultrasonographic and pathologic data in a series of 72 patients, showing that the ratio of LRV diameters of the distended to the narrowed portions may reach 4:1 (19). This ratio in the current case was approximately 7:1 significantly more than upper normal limit (4:1).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 53%