Distant metastases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands and the value of diagnostic examinations during follow‐up

Wal, Jacqueline E. van der; Becking, A.G.; Snow, Gordon B.; Waal, I. van der

doi:10.1002/hed.10126

Cited by 213 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…8 The abundant expression of CXCR4 in the predominantly hematogenously metastasizing ACC suggests that CXCR4 may play a role in directing ACC cells to their metastatic sites. In contrast to the frequent hematogenous dissemination, lymphogenous metastases in ACC are extremely rare, 4,46,47 despite the fact that the lymph nodes are also an abundant source of CXCL12. Although several studies have suggested a role for CXCR4 in lymph node metastasis, [48][49][50] accumulating evidence suggests that CXCR4 is not a major participant in lymphatic tumor spread, including large-scale gene expression data in metastatic head and neck SCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemokine receptors in head and neck cancer: Association with metastatic spread and regulation during chemotherapy

Müller

Sonkoly

Eulert

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Head and neck carcinomas are histologically and clinically heterogeneous. While squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are characterized by lymphogenous spread, adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) disseminate preferentially hematogenously. To study cellular and molecular mechanisms of organ-specific metastasis, we used SCC and ACC cell lines and tumor tissues, obtained from patients with primary or metastatic disease. Comprehensive analysis at the mRNA and protein level of human chemokine receptors showed that SCC and ACC cells exhibited distinct and nonrandom expression profiles for these receptors. SCC predominantly expressed receptors for chemokines homeostatically expressed in lymph nodes, including CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 7 and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)5. No difference in expression of chemokine receptors was seen in primary SCC and corresponding lymph node metastases. In contrast to SCC, ACC cells primarily expressed CXCR4. In chemotaxis assays, ACC cells were responsive to CXCL12, the ligand for CXCR4. Exposure of ACC cells to cisplatin resulted in upregulation of CXCR4 on the cell surface, which was repressed by the transcriptional inhibitor, a-amanitin. Treatment of ACC cells with CXCL12 resulted in the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. Furthermore, CXCL12 suppressed the rate of apoptosis induced by cisplatin in ACC cells, suggesting that signaling via CXCR4 may be part of a tumor cell survival program. Discrimination of the chemokine receptor profile in SCC and ACC in vitro and in tissues provided insights into their distinct biologic and clinical characteristics as well as indications that chemokine receptors might serve as future therapeutic targets in these malignancies. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: head and neck cancer; squamous cell carcinoma; adenoid cystic carcinoma; chemokine receptor; metastasis Head and neck carcinomas (HNC) include tumors with different histological phenotypes and distinct clinical characteristics. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa represent the most common histological subtype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemokine receptors in head and neck cancer: Association with metastatic spread and regulation during chemotherapy

Müller

Sonkoly

Eulert

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Nearly half of all intra-oral ACC occur in the palate [17]. The growth pattern of ACC is described as slow but aggressive, with a predominantly perineural spread and less lymphatic spread, but also with more frequent distant metastasis (particularly in the lungs) after long-term survival and even in the absence of local or regional recurrence [19]. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish between recurrence and a second tumor in adenoid cystic carcinomas.…”

Section: Adenoid Cystic Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant minor salivary gland tumors: a retrospective study of 27 cases

Kruse

Grätz

Obwegeser

et al. 2010

Oral Maxillofac Surg

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Purpose Malignant tumors of the intra-oral minor salivary glands are uncommon. The aim of this study was to give information concerning the clinical features of these tumors, the distribution of location, treatment opportunities, and outcome. Methods Twenty-seven patients with malignant salivary gland tumors that were treated between January 1999 and December 2008 were evaluated retrospectively. Results Of the 27 minor salivary gland carcinomas, 48.1% were adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), 29.7% mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC), 22.2% adenocarcinomas (ADCA). The most common first symptom was a painless swelling in 60% of the cases, with the second most common symptom being ulcers (28%). Four recurrences and two metastases were found. No recurrence was observed in ADCA. All four patients experiencing a recurrence developed it in the first 3 years after treatment. Conclusion Wide excision with a clinical margin of 1 cm and in large tumors, positive surgical margins or perineural infiltration and postoperative radiotherapy (RT) can be recommended; but in order to give exact information concerning the possible benefit from postoperative RT, it needs large prospective multicenter studies. Long-term follow-up controls and in particularly longer than 5 years in ACC including yearly chest X-rays should be offered to these patients because of late metastasis and recurrences.

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“…ACC is noted for its slow growth and indolent course and, as with ACC in the major salivary glands, patients with ACC of these sites often experience recurrence and distant metastases many years after diagnosis and definitive treatment (5). The patterns of disease include perineural and vascular invasion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent prognostic factors and expression of GLUT-1, PI3K and p-Akt in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the head and neck: Clinicopathological features and biomarkers of adenoid cystic carcinoma

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors associated with the recurrence of adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs). We examined the recurrence values of clinicopathological variables and GLUT-1, p-Akt and PI3K expression in 42 patients with ACC. Of the 42 patients, 17 developed recurrence following initial surgery. The positive rates of GLUT-1, PI3K and p-Akt protein expression in ACC were 38.1, 38.1 and 50.0%, respectively. The expression of GLUT-1, p-Akt or PI3K protein in ACC was higher than that in inflammatory lesions or benign tumors. Our study demonstrated that T stage, a positive resection margin, perineural invasion, surgery without postoperative radiotherapy and the expression of GLUT-1, PI3K and p-Akt were factors predictive of recurrence by univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, perineural invasion, a positive resection margin and p-Akt were significant predictors of recurrence. Initial surgery is very significant in the recurrence of ACC. Overexpression of GLUT-1, PI3K and p-Akt may also play a role in its development and recurrence.

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Distant metastases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands and the value of diagnostic examinations during follow‐up

Cited by 213 publications

References 20 publications

Chemokine receptors in head and neck cancer: Association with metastatic spread and regulation during chemotherapy

Chemokine receptors in head and neck cancer: Association with metastatic spread and regulation during chemotherapy

Malignant minor salivary gland tumors: a retrospective study of 27 cases

Recurrent prognostic factors and expression of GLUT-1, PI3K and p-Akt in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the head and neck: Clinicopathological features and biomarkers of adenoid cystic carcinoma

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