Distance-Dependent Migration Intention of Villagers: Comparative Study of Peri-Urban and Remote Villages in Indonesia

Abstract

Rural-to-urban migration disturbs essential factors of rural development, including labor forces, land ownership, and food production. To avoid late responses to emigration, scholars have begun investigating earlier stages of rural emigration. However, prior studies have focused on a single spatial entity only while also leaning toward trends in developed countries. Therefore, this study fills gaps by focusing on the differences in migration intention between villages in less developed settings. In observing the differences, this research takes peri-urban and remote villages as cases located at different distances from their nearest urban destination. This study treats migration intention as the dependent variable while using single-indicator place attachment and multi-indicator information sources as the independent variables. This work applies the Mann–Whitney U, ANOVA, and Brown–Forsythe tests on three hypotheses. This research also uses SEM-PLS to investigate the correlation model of the observed variables for each case. The results show that information sources negatively affect migration intentions in peri-urban settings. Remote rural areas also show similar results for the information sources variable; however, place attachment in remote settings significantly contributes to migration intention. These results show that place attachment and information sources contribute differently, depending on the distance to the urban area. We argue that access to public services and infrastructure contributes to the results. The findings suggest that an increased availability of information sources impedes the formation of migration intentions. Thus, this study suggests the necessity of improving rural infrastructure and public services to improve information literacy. It helps the government control rural emigration while fulfilling its obligation for rural development. It also offers better rural livelihoods during the development progress, providing economic incentives for villagers to stay in villages.

Self-Reliance in Community-Based Rural Tourism: Observing Tourism Villages (Desa Wisata) in Sleman Regency, Indonesia

“…Thus, external training programs are vital to develop skilled workers. The outflow of rural youth mirrors Hidayat et al's [108] work on how rural exodus drains human capital. All those resource-related problems indicate that, while striving for self-reliance, CBRT must adapt to overcome external dependencies through cooperation, substitutions, policy changes, and access to financial and knowledge resources.…”

Депопуляция Этнически Разнородных Горных Сел В Северо-Западной Части Азербайджана И Разработка Модели Устойчивого Развития Сельских Районов

“…The reasons for population migration and depopulation of rural settlements in mountain villages are different, and this process occurs primarily under the influence of natural-geographical, social, economic, and political factors [Mahdi et al, 2014;Hidayat et al, 2022]. These days, the migration of the population proceeds to adapt to environmental, societal, economic, and political pressure [Bachmann et al, 2019].…”

The Effects of Internet on Rural-to-Urban Migrating Intentions of Young Villagers: Evidence from Rural Indonesia

“…Therefore, rural-urban migration can deplete the five capital assets, especially human resources living off the agricultural land and residing in rural areas (Muta'ali, 2013) . However, disadvantage of village conditions (i.e., limited economic opportunity and public services) encourage villagers to emigrate to other areas that offer better conditions to secure livelihoods (Hidayat, Onitsuka, Sianipar, & Hoshino, 2022;Nguyen, The Effects of Internet on Rural-to-Urban Migration ….. (Iwana, Hidayat, Dinanti, and Onitsuka) Raabe, & Grote, 2015). Urban areas offer villagers' needs (i.e., job opportunity) and eventually attracts villagers to move in (Lyu, Dong, Roobavannan, Kandasamy, & Pande, 2019).…”

“…The internet resolves communication barriers that will affect migration (Lee, 1966). Information source is essential in forming migration intention of rural youth (Hidayat et al, 2022). However, a study indicated that effect of information depends on the distance between rural and urban.…”