Distal Esophageal Spasm: A Review

Khalaf, Mohamed; Chowdhary, Sejal; Elias, Puja S.; Castell, Donald O.

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.02.031

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Overall, no typical endoscopic feature which was a hallmark for JH esophagus, while a corkscrew esophagus was an uncommon finding on upper GI endoscopy reports in literatures such as the one in our present study. Meanwhile, a typical corkscrew appearance of the lower esophagus is usually associated with distal esophageal spasm [ 2 , 3 ], however, similar endoscopic findings to corkscrew esophagus in a patient with dysphagia was reported by Han and Wagh, but that patient was finally diagnosed with type III (spastic) achalasia by HRM [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Patients with this esophageal hypercontractility disorder normally present with dysphagia and noncardiac chest pain. A corkscrew appearance in barium studies and upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has been described in distal (or also called diffuse) esophageal spasm [ 2 , 3 ], while in JH esophagus it is an uncommon finding. Nowadays, high-resolution manometry (HRM) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of this esophageal motility disorder [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manometrically jackhammer esophagus with fluoroscopically/endoscopically distal esophageal spasm: a case report

Sirinawasatien

Sakulthongthawin

2021

BMC Gastroenterol

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Background Jackhammer esophagus is a rare esophageal motility disorder that can result in dysphagia, chest pain, and gastro-esophageal reflux symptoms. High-resolution manometry is the gold standard for diagnosis, while corkscrew esophagus on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is an uncommon manifestation. Case presentation 72-year-old man who presented with progressive dysphagia for three months without symptoms of chest pain or heartburn. Initial workup showed a corkscrew esophagus on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy; subsequently, high-resolution manometry revealed an esophago-gastric junction outflow obstruction with hypercontractile (jackhammer) esophagus. Treatment with calcium channel blockers and proton pump inhibitors was successful and relieved his symptoms near completion. Conclusions Even though the corkscrew esophagus is typically for distal esophageal spasm, the hypercontractile (jackhammer) esophagus can appear. The high-resolution manometry can help to distinguish each specific motility disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manometrically jackhammer esophagus with fluoroscopically/endoscopically distal esophageal spasm: a case report

Sirinawasatien

Sakulthongthawin

2021

BMC Gastroenterol

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“…Earlier guidelines for DES diagnosis included more than 20% of contractions with an amplitude greater than 30 mm Hg with intermittent normal esophageal peristalsis on manometry. Recently, with the introduction of high-resolution manometry, distal latency has been used as a predictor for the diagnosis of DES [14,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Peppermint Oil in Diffuse Esophageal Spasm in the Geriatric Population

Parvataneni

Vemuri-Reddy

2020

Cureus

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Diffuse esophageal spasm, also known as distal esophageal spasm (DES), is a rare motility disorder among the population with symptomatic motility disorders. This disorder is most commonly reported in females, with a median age of 60 years. Multiple therapeutic options have been developed for the treatment of DES. There has been limited research regarding the use of peppermint oil in the treatment of DES. Here, we discuss the interesting case of an elderly female patient who received symptomatic relief from peppermint oil.

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“…4 Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland. 5 Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland. 6 Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcium channel blockers (CCB) used to be the antihypertensive medication of choice in SSc patients due to their vasodilative effects and improvement in Raynaud's phenomenon. Unfortunately, negative effects on, e.g., the esophagus, by smooth muscle relaxation [5] and sphincter pressures have been claimed although their clinical consequences on reflux and potential aspiration remain uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE inhibitors in SSc patients display a risk factor for scleroderma renal crisis—a EUSTAR analysis

Bütikofer

Varisco²,

Distler

et al. 2020

Arthritis Res Ther

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Objectives: To investigate the effect of ACE inhibitors (ACEi) on the incidence of scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) when given prior to SRC in the prospectively collected cohort from the European Scleroderma Trial and Research Group (EUSTAR). Methods: SSc patients without prior SRC and at least one follow-up visit were included and analyzed regarding SRC, arterial hypertension, and medication focusing on antihypertensive medication and glucocorticoids (GC). Results: Out of 14,524 patients in the database, we identified 7648 patients with at least one follow-up. In 27,450 person-years (py), 102 patients developed SRC representing an incidence of 3.72 (3.06-4.51) per 1000 py. In a multivariable time-to-event analysis adjusted for age, sex, disease severity, and onset, 88 of 6521 patients developed SRC. The use of ACEi displayed an increased risk for the development of SRC with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.55 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65-3.95). Adjusting for arterial hypertension resulted in a HR of 2.04 (95%CI 1.29-3.24). There was no evidence for an interaction of ACEi and arterial hypertension (HR 0.83, 95%CI 0.32-2.13, p = 0.69). Calcium channel blockers (CCB), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), endothelin receptor antagonists, and GCmostly in daily dosages below 15 mg of prednisolone-did not influence the hazard for SRC. Conclusions: ACEi in SSc patients with concomitant arterial hypertension display an independent risk factor for the development of SRC but are still first choice in SRC treatment. ARBs might be a safe alternative, yet the overall safety of alternative antihypertensive drugs in SSc patients needs to be further studied.

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Distal Esophageal Spasm: A Review

Cited by 41 publications

References 50 publications

Manometrically jackhammer esophagus with fluoroscopically/endoscopically distal esophageal spasm: a case report

Manometrically jackhammer esophagus with fluoroscopically/endoscopically distal esophageal spasm: a case report

Role of Peppermint Oil in Diffuse Esophageal Spasm in the Geriatric Population

ACE inhibitors in SSc patients display a risk factor for scleroderma renal crisis—a EUSTAR analysis

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