Dissociation of proprioceptive drift and feelings of ownership in the somatic rubber hand illusion

Gallagher, Maria; Colzi, Cristian; Sedda, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103192

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It must be noted that the use of such body ownership measures in RHI studies is still debated: for instance, distinctions between subjective questionnaire scores and proprioceptive drift (Gallagher et al, 2021 ) should be further investigated to understand different processes underlying the subjective evaluation and the proprioception.…”

Section: Background and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Embodiment of a Virtual Hand in a Spatially Augmented Respiratory Biofeedback Setting

et al. 2021

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Enhancing the embodiment of artificial limbs—the individuals' feeling that a virtual or robotic limb is integrated in their own body scheme—is an impactful strategy for improving prosthetic technology acceptance and human-machine interaction. Most studies so far focused on visuo-tactile strategies to empower the embodiment processes. However, novel approaches could emerge from self-regulation techniques able to change the psychophysiological conditions of an individual. Accordingly, this pilot study investigates the effects of a self-regulated breathing exercise on the processes of body ownership underlying the embodiment of a virtual right hand within a Spatially Augmented Respiratory Biofeedback (SARB) setting. This investigation also aims at evaluating the feasibility of the breathing exercise enabled by a low-cost SARB implementation designed for upcoming remote studies (a need emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic). Twenty-two subjects without impairments, and two transradial prosthesis users for a preparatory test, were asked (in each condition of a within-group design) to maintain a normal (about 14 breaths/min) or slow (about 6 breaths/min) respiratory rate to keep a static virtual right hand “visible” on a screen. Meanwhile, a computer-generated sphere moved from left to right toward the virtual hand during each trial (1 min) of 16. If the participant's breathing rate was within the target (slow or normal) range, a visuo-tactile event was triggered by the sphere passing under the virtual hand (the subjects observed it shaking while they perceived a vibratory feedback generated by a smartphone). Our results—mainly based on questionnaire scores and proprioceptive drift—highlight that the slow breathing condition induced higher embodiment than the normal one. This preliminary study reveals the feasibility and potential of a novel psychophysiological training strategy to enhance the embodiment of artificial limbs. Future studies are needed to further investigate mechanisms, efficacy and generalizability of the SARB techniques in training a bionic limb embodiment.

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Section: Background and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Embodiment of a Virtual Hand in a Spatially Augmented Respiratory Biofeedback Setting

et al. 2021

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“…While k = 1 study reported a higher proprioceptive drift in individuals within the SCZ-S 31 , k = 4 studies 20,29,30,32 did not find any proprioceptive drift group differences. A potential explanation for this discrepancy between SoO rating and proprioceptive drift results might be that both measures address different aspects of artificial limb embodiment [41][42][43][44][45] . For instance, Gallagher et al 43 hypothesized that subjective questionnaires reflect cognitive processes such as the personal body image, while the proprioceptive drift reflects the integration of multisensory stimuli (e.g., visual and tactile feedback).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…A potential explanation for this discrepancy between SoO rating and proprioceptive drift results might be that both measures address different aspects of artificial limb embodiment [41][42][43][44][45] . For instance, Gallagher et al 43 hypothesized that subjective questionnaires reflect cognitive processes such as the personal body image, while the proprioceptive drift reflects the integration of multisensory stimuli (e.g., visual and tactile feedback). Following this approach, explicit and implicit illusion measures assess distinct aspects of bodily self-awareness that both are complementary and of individual importance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Body transfer illusions in the schizophrenia spectrum: a systematic review

et al. 2022

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Schizophrenia has been viewed as a disorder of the self. Accordingly, the question arises if and how senses of ownership and agency are impaired in schizophrenia. To address this question, several body transfer illusions (BTIs) have been investigated in schizophrenia patients and other schizophrenia spectrum (SCZ-S) populations. The objective of the study was to systematically review the current evidence from BTIs in the SCZ-S. A systematic literature search in PubMed and CENTRAL (search date: February 12, 2022) was conducted on BTI studies carried out in SCZ-S populations. Studies were included if they were published in English after peer review, reported original research data, related to the SCZ-S, and used a BTI as its study method. Conference papers, study protocols, and reviews were excluded. For each included BTI study, various study characteristics and outcomes were retrieved, and a risk-of-bias score was calculated based on six study quality criteria. K = 40 studies were identified, of which k = 20 studies met the eligibility criteria. For BTI paradigms using visuotactile stimulation, most studies found elevated sense of ownership ratings in SCZ-S populations compared to healthy controls (HC). Implicit illusion measures (e.g., proprioceptive drift), in turn, did not generally indicate elevated embodiment levels in SCZ-S populations. Likewise, no consistent group differences emerged between SCZ-S populations and HC with respect to BTI paradigms using visuomotor stimulation. Furthermore, BTI vividness was found to correlate significantly with core symptoms of schizophrenia and various subclinical characteristics related to the SCZ-S. In line with the self-disturbance hypothesis, SCZ-S populations appear to be affected by aberrations in bodily self-awareness. Review registration: PROSPERO (identifier: CRD42022287960).

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“…However, while several studies have demonstrated that proprioceptive drift tends to correlate with the extent of an ownership illusion, as measured by other ownership outcome measures like questionnaires (Botvinick and Cohen, 1998 ; Ehrsson et al, 2004 ), we propose that the measure is better categorized as a measure of body representation (i.e., where the limb is perceived to be in space). Supporting this idea, a recent study demonstrated a dissociation between proprioceptive drift and ownership (Gallagher et al, 2021 ). These and other inconsistent prior results could be explained by differences in the underlying neural mechanisms of ownership and body representation.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 88%

Measuring embodiment: A review of methods for prosthetic devices

2022

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The development of neural interfaces to provide improved control and somatosensory feedback from prosthetic limbs has initiated a new ability to probe the various dimensions of embodiment. Scientists in the field of neuroprosthetics require dependable measures of ownership, body representation, and agency to quantify the sense of embodiment felt by patients for their prosthetic limbs. These measures are critical to perform generalizable experiments and compare the utility of the new technologies being developed. Here, we review outcome measures used in the literature to evaluate the senses of ownership, body-representation, and agency. We categorize these existing measures based on the fundamental psychometric property measured and whether it is a behavioral or physiological measure. We present arguments for the efficacy and pitfalls of each measure to guide better experimental designs and future outcome measure development. The purpose of this review is to aid prosthesis researchers and technology developers in understanding the concept of embodiment and selecting metrics to assess embodiment in their research. Advances in the ability to measure the embodiment of prosthetic devices have far-reaching implications in the improvement of prosthetic limbs as well as promoting a broader understanding of ourselves as embodied agents.

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Dissociation of proprioceptive drift and feelings of ownership in the somatic rubber hand illusion

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

Exploring the Embodiment of a Virtual Hand in a Spatially Augmented Respiratory Biofeedback Setting

Exploring the Embodiment of a Virtual Hand in a Spatially Augmented Respiratory Biofeedback Setting

Body transfer illusions in the schizophrenia spectrum: a systematic review

Measuring embodiment: A review of methods for prosthetic devices

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