Dissociating Enhancing and Impairing Effects of Emotion on Cognition

Dolcos, Florin; Denkova, Ekaterina

doi:10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0079

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Emotions cannot be regarded separately from cognition. Emotional states affect cognitive processes and conversely cognitive processes are often the initiators of emotions (Lazarus, 1982 ; Dolcos, 2015 ). The interdependence of emotion and cognition is reflected in the definition by Kleinginna and Kleinginna, ( 1981 p. 355):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Decisions under Ambiguity: Judgment Bias Tasks for Assessing Emotional State in Animals

Roelofs

Boleij

Nordquist

et al. 2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

211

244

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Judgment bias tasks (JBTs) are considered as a family of promising tools in the assessment of emotional states of animals. JBTs provide a cognitive measure of optimism and/or pessimism by recording behavioral responses to ambiguous stimuli. For instance, a negative emotional state is expected to produce a negative or pessimistic judgment of an ambiguous stimulus, whereas a positive emotional state produces a positive or optimistic judgment of the same ambiguous stimulus. Measuring an animal’s emotional state or mood is relevant in both animal welfare research and biomedical research. This is reflected in the increasing use of JBTs in both research areas. We discuss the different implementations of JBTs with animals, with a focus on their potential as an accurate measure of emotional state. JBTs have been successfully applied to a very broad range of species, using many different types of testing equipment and experimental protocols. However, further validation of this test is deemed necessary. For example, the often extensive training period required for successful judgment bias testing remains a possible factor confounding results. Also, the issue of ambiguous stimuli losing their ambiguity with repeated testing requires additional attention. Possible improvements are suggested to further develop the JBTs in both animal welfare and biomedical research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Decisions under Ambiguity: Judgment Bias Tasks for Assessing Emotional State in Animals

Roelofs

Boleij

Nordquist

et al. 2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

211

244

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Research using functional brain imaging techniques in humans has established that the impact of emotion on cognition is subserved by complex interactions of functional networks and systems involved in various processes, which include basic emotion processing, perception, memory, and cognitive control (reviewed in Phelps, 2004 ; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005 ; Dolcos and Denkova, 2008 ; Dolcos et al, 2011 , 2012 , 2013 ; Murty et al, 2011 ; Murray et al, 2013 ; Dolcos and Denkova, 2015 ). Building upon the extant literature, the present review focuses on evidence regarding the following four emerging research directions in the field, regarding the impact of emotion on episodic memory: (1) Social Emotional Memory , (2) The Role of emotion regulation in the Impact of Emotion on Memory , (3) The Impact of Emotion on Associative or Relational Memory , and (4) The Role of Individual Differences in Emotional Memory .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Directions in Emotional Episodic Memory

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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Building upon the existing literature on emotional memory, the present review examines emerging evidence from brain imaging investigations regarding four research directions: (1) Social Emotional Memory, (2) The Role of Emotion Regulation in the Impact of Emotion on Memory, (3) The Impact of Emotion on Associative or Relational Memory, and (4) The Role of Individual Differences in Emotional Memory. Across these four domains, available evidence demonstrates that emotion- and memory-related medial temporal lobe brain regions (amygdala and hippocampus, respectively), together with prefrontal cortical regions, play a pivotal role during both encoding and retrieval of emotional episodic memories. This evidence sheds light on the neural mechanisms of emotional memories in healthy functioning, and has important implications for understanding clinical conditions that are associated with negative affective biases in encoding and retrieving emotional memories.

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“…Cognitive processes and emotional processes are closely related. Although originally considered separate disciplines, the interaction between emotion and cognition has been demonstrated in both human and animal research (Lazarus 1982 ; Dolcos 2015 ). Cognitive processes are those that involve some form of information processing in the brain, such as memory, attention, problem-solving and planning (Pessoa 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Judgement bias in pigs is independent of performance in a spatial holeboard task and conditional discrimination learning

Roelofs

Murphy

et al. 2017

Anim Cogn

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Biases in judgement of ambiguous stimuli, as measured in a judgement bias task, have been proposed as a measure of the valence of affective states in animals. We recently suggested a list of criteria for behavioural tests of emotion, one of them stating that responses on the task used to assess emotionality should not be confounded by, among others, differences in learning capacity, i.e. must not simply reflect the cognitive capacity of an animal. We performed three independent studies in which pigs acquired a spatial holeboard task, a free choice maze which simultaneously assesses working memory and reference memory. Next, pigs learned a conditional discrimination between auditory stimuli predicting a large or small reward, a prerequisite for assessment of judgement bias. Once pigs had acquired the conditional discrimination task, optimistic responses to previously unheard ambiguous stimuli were measured in the judgement bias task as choices indicating expectation of the large reward. We found that optimism in the judgement bias task was independent of all three measures of learning and memory indicating that the performance is not dependent on the pig’s cognitive abilities. These results support the use of biases in judgement as proxy indicators of emotional valence in animals.

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Dissociating Enhancing and Impairing Effects of Emotion on Cognition

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Making Decisions under Ambiguity: Judgment Bias Tasks for Assessing Emotional State in Animals

Making Decisions under Ambiguity: Judgment Bias Tasks for Assessing Emotional State in Animals

Emerging Directions in Emotional Episodic Memory

Judgement bias in pigs is independent of performance in a spatial holeboard task and conditional discrimination learning

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