Dissociable visual and spatial impairments following right posterior cerebral lesions: Clinical, neuropsychological and anatomical evidence

Newcombe, Freda; Ratcliff, Graham; Damásio, Hanna

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(87)90127-8

Cited by 120 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…2c and Table 1). This region corresponds to the site of lesion that produces selective spatial memory deficits in neurological patients (8)(9)(10). In contrast, object retrieval distinctively activated the ventral pathway in the right posterior inferotemporal cortex in the region of the fusiform gyrus (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…With regard to perception, studies in humans and other species have indicated that the dorsal visual pathway that includes regions of parietal cortex is involved in perception of spatial location, whereas the ventral visual pathway that includes structures in inferotemporal cortex is involved in processing information about object identity § (6,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Models of recognition memory have posited that the very pathways involved in perceptual processing of stimuli also participate in their storage and recovery (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct neural correlates of visual long-term memory for spatial location and object identity: a positron emission tomography study in humans.

Moscovitch

Kapur

Köhler

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

232

132

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate by using positron emission tomography (PET) whether the cortical pathways that are involved in visual perception of spatial location and object identity are also differentially implicated in retrieval of these types of information from episodic long-term memory. Subjects studied a set of displays consisting of three unique representational line drawings arranged in different spatial configurations. Later, while undergoing PET scanning, subjects' memory for spatial location and identity of the objects in the displays was tested and compared to a perceptual baseline task involving the same displays. In comparison to the baseline task, each of the memory tasks activated both the dorsal and the ventral pathways in the right hemisphere but not to an equal extent. There was also activation of the right prefrontal cortex. When PET scans of the memory tasks were compared to each other, areas of activation were very circumscribed and restricted to the right hemisphere: For retrieval of object identity, the area was in the inferior temporal cortex in the region ofthe fusiform gyrus (area 37), whereas for retrieval of spatial location, it was in the inferior parietal lobule in the region of the supramarginal gyrus (area 40). Thus, our study shows that distinct neural pathways are activated during retrieval of information about spatial location and object identity from long-term memory.A primary question in research on the neuroanatomical basis of memory is whether long-term memory (LTM) for object identity and spatial location is mediated by different neural systems (1-5). With regard to perception, studies in humans and other species have indicated that the dorsal visual pathway that includes regions of parietal cortex is involved in perception of spatial location, whereas the ventral visual pathway that includes structures in inferotemporal cortex is involved in processing information about object identity § (6,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Models of recognition memory have posited that the very pathways involved in perceptual processing of stimuli also participate in their storage and recovery (13)(14)(15). Recovery of information about spatial location and object identity from LTM should, therefore, activate the dorsal and ventral pathways differentially. Partial support for this hypothesis comes from positron emission tomography (PET) studies in humans in which it has been reported that retrieval from LTM for words and faces activates areas in the posterior and inferior convexity of the temporal lobes, structures that are also involved in perception of these materials (16,17). There are no PET studies, however, on LTM for spatial location nor any studies designed to determine whether memory for the location and identity of the The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 3721 very same stimuli is mediated b...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct neural correlates of visual long-term memory for spatial location and object identity: a positron emission tomography study in humans.

Moscovitch

Kapur

Köhler

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

232

132

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“…The specific clinical syndromes produced by occipitotemporal lesions include visual object agnosia, prosopagnosia, and achromatopsia (ref. 38; for reviews, see refs. 39 and 40), whereas those produced by occipitoparietal lesions include optic ataxia, visuospatial neglect, constructional apraxia, gaze apraxia, akinotopsia, and disorders of spatial cognition (refs.…”

Section: Visual Processing Pathways In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neural system for human visual working memory

Ungerleider

Courtney

Haxby

1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

612

370

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Working memory is the process of actively maintaining a representation of information for a brief period of time so that it is available for use. In monkeys, visual working memory involves the concerted activity of a distributed neural system, including posterior areas in visual cortex and anterior areas in prefrontal cortex. Within visual cortex, ventral stream areas are selectively involved in object vision, whereas dorsal stream areas are selectively involved in spatial vision. This domain specificity appears to extend forward into prefrontal cortex, with ventrolateral areas involved mainly in working memory for objects and dorsolateral areas involved mainly in working memory for spatial locations. The organization of this distributed neural system for working memory in monkeys appears to be conserved in humans, though some differences between the two species exist. In humans, as compared with monkeys, areas specialized for object vision in the ventral stream have a more inferior location in temporal cortex, whereas areas specialized for spatial vision in the dorsal stream have a more superior location in parietal cortex. Displacement of both sets of visual areas away from the posterior perisylvian cortex may be related to the emergence of language over the course of brain evolution. Whereas areas specialized for object working memory in humans and monkeys are similarly located in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, those specialized for spatial working memory occupy a more superior and posterior location within dorsal prefrontal cortex in humans than in monkeys. As in posterior cortex, this displacement in frontal cortex also may be related to the emergence of new areas to serve distinctively human cognitive abilities.

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“…Neuropsychological studies of patients with bilateral or unilateral posterior brain damage suggest the existence an analogous area in the extrastriate human cortex that subserves the processing of image motion (Zihl et al, 1983(Zihl et al, , 1991Newcombe et al, 1987;Vaina, 1989;. Healthy human observers can correctly discriminate small differences in the velocity of moving targets (Notterman and Page, 1957;Brandalise and Gottsdanker, 1959;Mandriota et al, 1962;McKee, 1981;Orban et al, 1984), and this precision can be maintained despite random variations in the contrast and spatial frequency of the grating stimuli (McKee et al, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual short-term memory of stimulus velocity in patients with unilateral posterior brain damage

Greenlee¹,

Lang²,

Mergner³

et al. 1995

J. Neurosci.

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Neurophysiological studies indicate the existence of an area in the extrastriate monkey cortex specialized for the processing of stimulus motion. The present investigation was conducted to determine whether a homologous area exits in the human cortex that underlies the processing and short-term storage of velocity information. Contrast detection and velocity discrimination thresholds were measured in a group of 23 patients with unilateral focal damage to either the lateral occipital, temporal, or posterior parietal cortex. Their results were compared to those of 23 age-matched control subjects. Detection and discrimination thresholds were determined for spatially truncated sinewave gratings presented 4 degrees eccentric of fixation randomly in either the left and right visual fields. Contrast detection thresholds were measured in a spatial two-alternative forced-choice paradigm for three different drift rates (1, 2, and 4 Hz) for leftward and rightward drift directions. Simultaneous velocity discrimination thresholds were determined for reference and test gratings presented 4 degrees left and right of fixation. Sequential velocity discrimination thresholds were measured using a delay, with a interstimulus interval (ISIs) of 1, 3, and 10 sec. In a subset of five patients with superior temporal lobe damage, spatial frequency discrimination thresholds for stationary gratings were also determined. The results indicate the following: (1) contrast detection thresholds for drifting gratings did not significantly differ between the patient and control groups; (2) velocity discrimination thresholds were significantly elevated in the patients; (3) velocity discrimination thresholds significantly increased with increasing ISI in the patients; (4) velocity discrimination thresholds were elevated most when the patients had a lesion in the superior temporal cortex; (5) in the subgroup of five patients with superior temporal lobe damage, spatial frequency discrimination thresholds were not significantly elevated. The results suggest that there is a visual area in the human posterior temporal cortex that is involved in the processing and short-term storage of the velocity of moving visual stimuli.

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Dissociable visual and spatial impairments following right posterior cerebral lesions: Clinical, neuropsychological and anatomical evidence

Cited by 120 publications

References 27 publications

Distinct neural correlates of visual long-term memory for spatial location and object identity: a positron emission tomography study in humans.

Distinct neural correlates of visual long-term memory for spatial location and object identity: a positron emission tomography study in humans.

A neural system for human visual working memory

Visual short-term memory of stimulus velocity in patients with unilateral posterior brain damage

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