Dissipation kinetics of forchlorfenuron, 6-benzyl aminopurine, gibberellic acid and ethephon residues in table grapes (Vitis vinifera)

Ugare, Bharat; Banerjee, Kaushik; Ramteke, Suman; Pradhan, Saswati; Oulkar, Dasharath; Utture, Sagar C.; Adsule, Pandurang G.

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.111

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Owing to CPPU application at the early fruiting stage, residue levels in fruits were expected to be very low, with growth rate being the main determinant for residues diminution. These results are in agreement with results for CPPU dissipation from grapes and citrus (Ugare et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2013), although the half life values varied among different crops (Chen et al, 2013). This variation among different crops may be attributed to differences in physical and/or chemical properties of the tissues, such as growth dilution factor, water content and acid-base ratio (Chen et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

CPPU treatment and pollination: Their combined effect on kiwifruit growth and quality

Ainalidou

Karamanoli

Menkissoglu‐Spiroudi

et al. 2015

Scientia Horticulturae

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

CPPU treatment and pollination: Their combined effect on kiwifruit growth and quality

Ainalidou

Karamanoli

Menkissoglu‐Spiroudi

et al. 2015

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…The dissipation pattern in our investigation was found to be parallel despite almost double the rate of application as compared to Cochrane et al, [34] who observed ethephon residues on zero day to the tune of 1.60 ppm, 0.75 ppm on 10th day and 0.4 ppm after 13 days at the application rate of 300 ppm on apple. However, in grapes, Ugare et al, [22] observed around 51% and 49% dislodging of initial deposits on day 15 at 97.5 and 195 g a.i/ha of ethephon. The residues of ethephon on apple fruits at Youngora and Lassipors ranged between 0.099 -0.100 and 0.137 -0.143 mg kg -1 after 10 days.…”

Section: Persistence and Residuesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Application of hydrogen cyanamide to increase the fruit size due to early bud break and use of ethephon close to harvest accelerates the ripening process by slowly releasing ethylene, which stimulates anthocyanin accumulation (reddening) and subsequently leads to enhancement of colour as well as early ripening may be subjected to harmful residues from consumer's interest point of view. The available literature on the persistence of hydrogen cyanamide and ethephon is mainly confined to grapes [22,23]. However, from risk assessment point of view in apple fruits neither such studies in India and nor in abroad have been experimented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residue Dynamics of Hydrogen Cyanamide and Ethephon in Apple

Ltd¹

2019

RAES

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In the present study, supervised field trials were conducted in Royal delicious variety of apple trees to evaluate the persistence of hydrogen cyanamide and ethephon during 2015-16 at different locations of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. Standardised analytical methods simulated to the lab conditions were validated and adopted to find out the recoveries of hydrogen cyanamide and ethephon in apple fruits. Residues of hydrogen cyanamide were determined by HPLC-PDA with mobile phase comprising of methanol and water (2:8) following the application of Dormex 49% AS at the rate of 0.5% a.i., 1.0 % a.i. and 2.0 % a.i. during dormant stage of apple trees. Formulation of ethrel 39% SL was applied on fruit bearing trees close to harvest stage were determined as ethylene by head space analysis. Hydrogen Cyanamide residues were not detected in any sample right from walnut stage of apple after 85-111 days of treatment to the final harvesting between 179 -209 days irrespective of any location. It has been observed that spray application of ethephon caused early fruit drop therefore, samples from all the four locations were analysed up to 10 days. Initial deposits of ethephon as ethylene on apple fruits at Matiana and Thanedhar ranges between 2.044 -2.147 mg kg -1 and 4.036 -4.133 mg kg -1 which reduces between 0.056 -0.057 and 0.083 -0.088 mg kg -1 on day 10 due to the single and double dose application, respectively. Harvest time residues of ethephon in Youngora and Lassipors locations of J&K were 0.100 and 0.099 and 0.143 and 0.137 mg kg -1 at single and double dose, respectively. A safe waiting period of 5 days is suggested between ethephon application and fruit harvest to safeguard the consumer's health. No residues of hydrogen cyanamide were detected in fruits and hence, does not pose any threat to the consumers.

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“…In China, the incidence of FCF had caused an adverse impact on the kiwifruit industry. Residue analysis and dissipation of FCF in fruit and vegetable had already been studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV)[ 5 ], liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[ 6 – 8 ], liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS)[ 9 ]. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) had been developed for the determination of FCF in fruit[ 10 – 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation products elucidation of forchlorfenuron in postharvest kiwifruit by time-of-flight mass spectrometry

et al. 2017

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Forchlorfenuron (1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea, FCF) is a plant growth regulator, being extensively used for increasing kiwifruit size. The toxicological properties of its may persist in their transformation products (TPs) or even higher toxicity than FCF. TPs elucidation of FCF in postharvest kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis, Chinese gooseberry) by the liquid chromatography ionization hybrid ion trap and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-IT-TOF/MS) in positive mode was the objective of the present study. Fifteen days after full bloom, kiwifruits were dipped for 5s with high dosage FCF solution (60 mg/L), so that sufficient peaks could be detected. The chemical structure of unknown TPs was analyzed in combination of functions of LCMS-IT-TOF, such as high-accurate MSn, formula predictor, metabolite structural analysis software MetID Solution, profiling solution metabolomics software, and neutral loss, characteristic isotopic patterns of chlorine, the fragmentation pattern and retention time of standard substances, nitrogen rule, chemical components of kiwifruit. Total 17 TPs were detected via comparisons of their accurate MSn data of commercial analytical standards and synthesized standards with high purity, such as 4-amino-2-chloropyridine, phenylurea, 2-hydroxy-FCF, 1-(2-chloro-6-((3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy) pyridin-4-yl)-3-phenylurea, 1, 3-bis (2-chloropyridin-4-yl) urea, 1,3-diphenylurea, 1-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)urea, FCF-2-O-β-D-glucoside, and so on. The major transformation pathways of FCF in kiwifruit were biochemical and photochemical cleavage pathway. The experimental results indicate that LCMS-IT-TOF is powerful and effective tool for identification of FCF TPs.

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Dissipation kinetics of forchlorfenuron, 6-benzyl aminopurine, gibberellic acid and ethephon residues in table grapes (Vitis vinifera)

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

CPPU treatment and pollination: Their combined effect on kiwifruit growth and quality

CPPU treatment and pollination: Their combined effect on kiwifruit growth and quality

Residue Dynamics of Hydrogen Cyanamide and Ethephon in Apple

Transformation products elucidation of forchlorfenuron in postharvest kiwifruit by time-of-flight mass spectrometry

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