Disseminated strongyloidiasis in <i>Erythrocebus patas</i>

Harper, Julia; Rice, Jerry M.; London, W. T.; Sly, D. L.; Middleton, C. C.

doi:10.1002/ajp.1350030108

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…and Strongyloides spp. have been associated with mucosal inflammation, ulceration, dysentery, weight loss, and death in primates (McClure & Guilloud 1971;De-Paoli & Johnsen 1978;Holmes et al 1980;Harper et al 1982 sp. have proven important in stressed or captive primates (Crestian & Crespaeu 1975;Soulsby 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Parasite Infection Dynamics in Primate Metapopulations Based on Attributes of Forest Fragmentation

Gillespie

Chapman

2006

Conservation Biology

207

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Although the effects of forest fragmentation on species and ecological processes have been the focus of considerable research in conservation biology, our capacity to predict how processes will be altered and which taxonomic or functional groups will be most affected by fragmentation is still poor. This problem is exacerbated by inherent temporal and spatial variability in fragment attributes. To improve our understanding of this interplay, we examined how various fragment attributes affect one potentially important ecological process, parasite infection dynamics, and considered how changes in this process affect host metapopulations. From August 1999 to July 2003 we surveyed red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) metapopulations inhabiting nine fragments (1.2 to 8.7 ha) in western Uganda to determine the prevalence and richness of strongyle and rhabditoid nematodes, a group of potentially pathogenic gastrointestinal parasites. We used noninvasive fecal flotation and sedimentation (n = 536) to detect parasite eggs, cysts, and larvae in colobus fecal samples. To obtain an index of infection risk, we determined environmental contamination with Oesophagostomum sp., a representative strongyle nematode, in canopy (n = 30) and ground vegetation plots (n = 30). Concurrently, physical (i.e., size, location, and topography) and biological (i.e., tree diversity, tree density, stump density, and colobine density) attributes were quantified for each fragment. Interfragment comparisons of nine potential factors demonstrated that an index of degradation and human presence (tree stump density) strongly influenced the prevalence of parasitic nematodes. Infection risk was also higher in the fragment with the highest stump density than in the fragment with the lowest stump density. These results demonstrate that host-parasite dynamics can be altered in complex ways by forest fragmentation and that intensity of extraction (e.g., stump density) best explains these changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Parasite Infection Dynamics in Primate Metapopulations Based on Attributes of Forest Fragmentation

Gillespie

Chapman

2006

Conservation Biology

207

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“…Prevalence in young individuals is generally typically higher than in adults (Viney and Lok, 2007), with captive infant and juvenile orangutans being particularly susceptible to developing hyperinfection and strongyloidosis (Cummins et al 1973; Wells et al 1990). This high susceptibility in comparison to other great apes may have an immunological basis, because arboreal orangutans in the wild have fewer occasions to acquire an infection (Harper et al 1982). With 42% of all orangutans kept at the two centres being ⩽5 years of age, the age composition in the centres resulted in a shift towards a higher percentage of immature individuals compared to natural conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal parasites of endangered orangutans(Pongo pygmaeus) in Central and East Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia

et al. 2009

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S U M M A R YFaecal samples from 163 captive and semi-captive individuals, 61 samples from wild individuals and 38 samples from captive groups of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in Kalimantan, Indonesia, were collected during one rainy season (November 2005-May 2006 and screened for intestinal parasites using sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin-concentration (SAFC), sedimentation, flotation, McMaster-and Baermann techniques. We aimed to identify factors influencing infection risk for specific intestinal parasites in wild orangutans and individuals living in captivity. Various genera of Protozoa (including Entamoeba, Endolimax, Iodamoeba, Balantidium, Giardia and Blastocystis), nematodes (such as Strongyloides, Trichuris, Ascaris, Enterobius, Trichostrongylus and hookworms) and one trematode (a dicrocoeliid) were identified. For the first time, the cestode Hymenolepis was detected in orangutans. Highest prevalences were found for Strongyloides (individuals 37% ; groups 58 %), hookworms (41 % ; 58 %), Balantidium (40 % ; 61 %), Entamoeba coli (29 %; 53 %) and a trichostrongylid (13 %; 32 %). In re-introduction centres, infants were at higher risk of infection with Strongyloides than adults. Infection risk for hookworms was significantly higher in wild males compared with females. In groups, the centres themselves had a significant influence on the infection risk for Balantidium. Ranging patterns of wild orangutans, overcrowding in captivity and a shift of age composition in favour of immatures seemed to be the most likely factors leading to these results.

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“…Numerous studies describe fatal cases in captive animals [65][66][67] and it seems that these cases have been caused exclusively by S. stercoralis or S. cebus. In humans, most infections with S. stercoralis are mild, but the infection can lead to complicated strongyloidiasis under certain conditions (e.g.…”

Section: Pathogenicity Of Strongyloides For Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides in non-human primates: significance for public health control

Nosková,

Sambucci,

Petrželková

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Primates are an important source of infectious disease in humans. Strongyloidiasis affects an estimated 600 million people worldwide, with a global distribution and hotspots of infection in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently added to the list of neglected tropical diseases, global attention has been demanded in the drive for its control. Through a literature review of Strongyloides in humans and non-human primates (NHP), we analysed the most common identification methods and gaps in knowledge about this nematode genus. The rise of molecular-based methods for Strongyloides detection is evident in both humans and NHP and provides an opportunity to analyse all data available from primates. Dogs were also included as an important host species of Strongyloides and a potential bridge host between humans and NHP. This review highlights the lack of molecular data across all hosts—humans, NHP and dogs—with the latter highly underrepresented in the database. Despite the cosmopolitan nature of Strongyloides , there are still large gaps in our knowledge for certain species when considering transmission and pathogenicity. We suggest that a unified approach to Strongyloides detection be taken, with an optimized, repeatable molecular-based method to improve our understanding of this parasitic infection. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘ Strongyloides : omics to worm-free populations’.

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Disseminated strongyloidiasis in Erythrocebus patas

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Prediction of Parasite Infection Dynamics in Primate Metapopulations Based on Attributes of Forest Fragmentation

Prediction of Parasite Infection Dynamics in Primate Metapopulations Based on Attributes of Forest Fragmentation

Intestinal parasites of endangered orangutans(Pongo pygmaeus) in Central and East Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia

Strongyloides in non-human primates: significance for public health control

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