Adenocarcinoma of the stomach, the second most prevalent of all human malignancies world-wide, is associated with infection at an early age with Helicobacter pylori. Infection leads to several distinctive forms of gastritis, including chronic atrophic gastritis, which is a precursor of adenocarcinoma. H. hepaticus infection in mice constitutes the only other parallel association between a persistent bacterial infection and tumor development known to exist naturally. Study of the H. hepaticus syndrome of chronic active hepatitis and liver tumors in mice may yield insights into the role of H. pylori in human stomach cancer and gastric lymphoma.

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