Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Infection Among HIV-Infected Patients in Kenya

Cf, Gilks; Brindle, R; Mwachari, Christina; Batchelor, B.; Bwayo, Job J.; Kimari, J.; Rd, Arbeit; Cf, von Reyn

doi:10.1097/00042560-199502000-00011

Cited by 58 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Studies from Africa have investigated HIV-associated diarrhoeal disease but have been limited either to specific populations, for example, children [4,5] or to an extensive search for a particular organism or group of organisms [6,7]. Investigations into the microbiology of systemic sepsis have been limited in much the same way as with diarrhoeal disease, with searches for specific pathogens, for example mycobacteria [8,9]. The reasons for the lack of data from Africa on the microbiology of HIV-associated illness are twofold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology of HIV associated bacteraemia and diarrhoea in adults from Nairobi, Kenya

1996

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SummaryWe undertook a retrospective descriptive comparison of the spectrum of pathogens responsible for bacteraemia and diarrhoea in HIV antibody positive and negative patients over 4 years (1988–92), in Nairobi, Kenya. The study population was recruited from primary to tertiary centers of clinical care and consisted of 2858 adults (15 years or older). There were 415 significant blood culture isolates, 192 from 1785 HIV negative patients and 223 from 953 HIV positive patients. There were 233 significant faecal isolates, 22 from 115 HIV negative patients and 211 from 531 HIV positive patients. The most common pathogens detected in blood were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium and in faeces Shigella flexneri, S. typhimurium and Cryptosporidium parvum. The agents causing illness in HIV positive patients in Nairobi are similar to those prevalent in the HIV negative community and the investigation of a febrile illness with or wothout diarrhoea in an HIV positive patient should reflect this.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology of HIV associated bacteraemia and diarrhoea in adults from Nairobi, Kenya

1996

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“…However, in industrialized countries, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) also play a key role in etiology of TB-like syndromes. In Africa, the contribution of NTM to such disease has been examined on a small scale only (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Zambia

Buijtels¹,

Sande²,

Graaff³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Clinical relevance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from 180 chronically ill patients and 385 healthy controls in Zambia was evaluated to examine the contribution of these isolates to tuberculosis (TB)-like disease. The proportion of NTM-positive sputum samples was signifi cantly higher in the patient group than in controls; 11% and 6%, respectively (p<0.05). NTM-associated lung disease was diagnosed for 1 patient, and a probable diagnosis was made for 3 patients. NTM-positive patients and controls were more likely to report vomiting and diarrhea and were more frequently underweight than the NTM-negative patients and controls. Chest radiographs of NTM-positive patients showed deviations consistent with TB more frequently than those of controls. The most frequently isolated NTM was Mycobacterium avium complex. Multiple, not previously identifi ed mycobacteria (55 of 171 NTM) were isolated from both groups. NTM probably play an important role in the etiology of TB-like diseases in Zambia.

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“…Por consiguiente, estos datos concuerdan con los de Bouza et al (10), aunque se contraponen con los de Shafer et al (6), para los cuales esta técnica no fue útil para diagnosticar la tuberculosis. El complejo M. avium es el causante de la infección bacteriana más frecuente en pacientes de sida en los Estados Unidos y Europa (3,8), si bien prácticamente se desconoce su frecuencia en los países en desarrollo (11). Los resultados de la presente investigación y los de Barreto et al (12) sugieren que la infección causada por el complejo M. avium puede ser más frecuente en los pacientes de sida del Brasil de lo que se ha notificado.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Diagnóstico de la infección micobacteriana diseminada: evaluación de un método sencillo y barato para países en desarrollo

Montes¹,

Grinsztejn²,

Veloso³

et al. 1998

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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Con el desarrollo de la epidemia del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (sida), tuberculosis detectadas con el método de lisis por centrifugación (89,5%) y con el de inoculación directa en un medio bifásico (100%) fueron similares ( P > 0,05). La técnica no comercializada de centrifugación por lisis es barata, fiable y puede constituir un método alternativo para el diagnóstico de micobacteriemia en países en desarrollo. RESUMENTras el desarrollo de la epidemia del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (sida), el aumento progresivo de infecciones micobacterianas diseminadas secundarias ha galvanizado la búsqueda de un método sensible para aislar micobacterias en la sangre. El rendimiento diagnóstico más elevado para los organismos del complejo Mycobacterium avium se alcanza con los métodos de cultivo de lisis por centrifugación (1, 2). Estas técnicas están comercializadas y se utilizan habitualmente en los Estados Unidos de América y en Europa occidental (3, 4). El diagnóstico con el medio de cultivo radiométrico BACTEC es más rápido y su sensibilidad es similar, pero requiere sustrato radioactivo y no permite obtener colonias aisladas (5, 6). Ambos métodos son demasiado caros para utilizarlos habitualmente en países en desarrollo. En el presente estudio prospectivo se compara la eficiencia de dos métodos distintos empleados para detectar el crecimiento de micobacterias en la sangre perifé-rica de pacientes de sida: 1) la inocula-

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Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Infection Among HIV-Infected Patients in Kenya

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Microbiology of HIV associated bacteraemia and diarrhoea in adults from Nairobi, Kenya

Microbiology of HIV associated bacteraemia and diarrhoea in adults from Nairobi, Kenya

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Zambia

Diagnóstico de la infección micobacteriana diseminada: evaluación de un método sencillo y barato para países en desarrollo

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