Disseminated &lt;i&gt;Strongyloides stercoralis&lt;/i&gt; Infection in HTLV-1-Associated Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

Stewart, Dawn; Ramanathan, Roshan; Mahanty, Siddhartha; Fedorko, Daniel P.; Janik, John E.; Morris, John C.

doi:10.1159/000324799

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Cutaneous periumbilical purpura has been described in patients with disseminated disease because of migration of larvae through vessel walls in the dermis [22 ■ ]. …”

Section: Disseminated Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening, prevention, and treatment for hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated infections caused by Strongyloides stercoralis

Mejia

Nutman

2012

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

302

288

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“…Cutaneous periumbilical purpura has been described in patients with disseminated disease because of migration of larvae through vessel walls in the dermis [22 ■ ]. …”

Section: Disseminated Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening, prevention, and treatment for hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated infections caused by Strongyloides stercoralis

Mejia

Nutman

2012

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

302

288

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“…Par ailleurs, l'infection par Strongyloides stercoralis ou anguillulose est particulière du fait de sa fréquence, de sa résistance aux traitements et de la possibilité d'une anguillulose maligne secondaire à une diffusion généralisée du parasite. Son dépistage et son traitement systématiques sont importants [21,59,79].…”

Section: Leucémie/lymphome T De L'adulteunclassified

Le rétrovirus humain oncogène HTLV-1 : épidémiologie descriptive et moléculaire, origine, évolution et aspects diagnostiques et maladies associées

Gessain

2011

Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot.

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Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first oncogenic human retrovirus discovered in 1980. It is estimated that around 10-20 million people are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide. However, HTLV-1 is not a ubiquitous virus. Indeed, HTLV-1 is present throughout the world with clusters of high endemicity including mainly southern Japan, the Caribbean region, parts of South America and intertropical Africa, with foci in the Middle East and Australia. The origin of this puzzling geographical repartition is probably linked to a founder effect in certain human groups. In the high endemic areas, 0.5 to 50% of the people have antibodies against HTLV-1 antigens. HTLV-1 seroprevalence increases with age, especially in women. HTLV-1 has 3 modes of transmission: mother to child, mainly through prolonged breastfeeding (> 6 months); sexual, mainly but not exclusively occurring from male to female; and by blood products contaminated by infected lymphocytes. HTLV-1 is mainly the etiological agent of two very severe diseases: a malignant T CD4+ cell lymphoproliferation of very poor prognosis, named adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and a chronic neuro-myelopathy named tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). HTLV-1 is also associated with rare anterior uveitis, infective dermatitis and myositis in some high HTLV-1 endemic areas. The repartition of the different molecular subtypes or genotypes is mainly linked to the geographical origin of the infected persons but not to the associated pathology. HTLV-1 possesses a remarkable genetic stability probably linked to viral amplification via clonal expansion of infected cells rather than by reverse transcription. This stability can be used as a molecular tool to gain better insights into the origin, evolution and modes of dissemination of HTLV-1 and infected populations. HTLV-1 originated in humans through interspecies transmission from STLV-1, a very closely related retrovirus, highly endemic in several populations of apes and Old World monkeys.

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“…2,3 Several cytokines, including IL-1, transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b), and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) have shown a correlation with ATLL-associated hypercalcemia, with PTHrP likely playing the most important role. 42 The risk is even higher in ATLL patients treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, such as anti-CD52 alemtuzumab, 43 which our patient (case 1) was treated with. One patient (case 1) developed recurrent S. stercoralis infection in the stomach and duodenum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Clinicopathologic Features of Adult T-cell Leukemias/Lymphomas at a North American Tertiary Care Medical Center

Hsi¹,

Kreisel²,

Frater³

et al. 2014

American Journal of Surgical Pathology

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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Published series of ATLLs seen at a United States medical institution are rare. We present the features of 4 ATLLs diagnosed at our North American tertiary care medical center from 1990 to 2012. Despite the absence of a history of origin from an endemic region, all our ATLLs demonstrated evidence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement by ATLL was uncommon in our series, and represented only 1.6% (1/64) of all CNS B-cell or T-cell lymphomas diagnosed over a 20+ year period at our institution. Review of the medical literature reveals that the majority of CNS-involved ATLLs present with the lymphoma or acute subtype, and complete remission is difficult to achieve in these cases. CNS involvement frequently occurs with a systemic disease, which carries an aggressive clinical course with poor prognosis. In addition, CNS involvement by ATLL can be the initial presentation or seen with relapsed disease, can be the only site or be associated with other tissue sites of involvement, and may manifest with variable clinical signs/symptoms. Our retrospective study reveals that ATLLs are rare mature T-cell lymphomas in a native North American population, but the clinical and histopathologic features of ATLLs from this nonendemic region are similar to those seen from other endemic regions. Early recognition of these rare ATLLs involving uncommon sites, such as the CNS, will help optimize treatment for these infrequent mature T-cell lymphomas.

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Disseminated <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> Infection in HTLV-1-Associated Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

Cited by 29 publications

References 56 publications

Screening, prevention, and treatment for hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated infections caused by Strongyloides stercoralis

Screening, prevention, and treatment for hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated infections caused by Strongyloides stercoralis

Le rétrovirus humain oncogène HTLV-1 : épidémiologie descriptive et moléculaire, origine, évolution et aspects diagnostiques et maladies associées

Clinicopathologic Features of Adult T-cell Leukemias/Lymphomas at a North American Tertiary Care Medical Center

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