Disseminated<i>Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare</i>Infection in a Persian Cat

Knippel, Anja; Hetzel, Udo; Baumgärtner, Wolfgang

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00803.x

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Other abdominal changes such as hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, renal and pancreatic changes were noted relatively infrequently and were mild or moderate in extent, consistent with previous reports. 9,11,12,33…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic findings in cats with mycobacterial infection

Major

Holmes

Warren-Smith

et al. 2015

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic findings in cats with mycobacterial infection

Major

Holmes

Warren-Smith

et al. 2015

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…12,25 Abdominal changes may include hepatosplenomegaly, abdominal masses, calcified mesenteric lymph nodes, or ascites. 25,28,29 Bone lesions tend to consist of areas of lysis and sclerosis, osteoarthritis, discospondylitis, vertebral osteomyelitis, or periostitis. Thoracic involvement may be associated with hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic Findings in Cats with Mycobacterial Infections

Bennett

Lalor

Schwarz

et al. 2011

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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This study describes radiographic changes associated with mycobacterial infection in 33 domestic cats confirmed by culture or interferon-gamma testing. Infection was seen most frequently in adult (average age 5.7 years; range 1.5-12 years), non-pedigree (87%; 27/31), neutered male cats (69%; 22/32). The most common infections were Mycobacterium microti (60%; 18/30) and Mycobacterium bovis (37%; 11/30); Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium malmoense were infrequently cultured (3% of each; 1/30). Radiographs were available for the thorax (24 cats), abdomen (eight), appendicular skeleton (11) and head (three). Radiographic changes affected the thorax most commonly, consisting of bronchial (46%; 11/24), alveolar (38%; 9/24), nodular unstructured interstitial (38%; 9/24) or unstructured interstitial (25%; 6/24) lung patterns, which were often mixed. Perihilar or sternal lymphadenopathy were common (42%; 10/24), particularly perihilar lymphadenopathy (25%; 6/24). Skeletal changes were found in the distal antebrachium (three), pes (two), maxilla, scapula, spine, manus, femur, and tarsus (one each). Changes were typically osteolytic (73%; 8/11), often permeative osteolytic (64%; 7/11). Osteoproliferative changes were seen in three cats and soft tissue swelling in five cats, which were adjacent to the bony abnormality in four cats. Other changes included submandibular soft tissue swelling, marked aortic, aortic root and brachiocephalic trunk calcification, and soft tissue swelling with calcification in the distal antebranchium which was not involving bone. Abdominal changes were uncommon (seen in 2/8 cats) and consisted of hepatomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly. In summary, radiographic changes were varied, no lesion was pathognomic for mycobacterial infection, and pathology was seen most commonly in the thorax.

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“…3 The MAC group of organisms are the most likely of all of the NTM to produce disseminated disease in the cat, of which there here have been several reports. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Abyssinian and Siamese breeds appear to be over-represented. 4,6,8,9 Multiorgan involvement, as seen in this case, is a key feature of disseminated MAC infection, with haematogenous spread being the proposed mechanism of dissemination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,6,8,9 Multiorgan involvement, as seen in this case, is a key feature of disseminated MAC infection, with haematogenous spread being the proposed mechanism of dissemination. 11 Table 2 [4][5][6][7][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]18,19 and Table 3 [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] summarise the organ involvement and clinical manifestations of the previously reported cases of disseminated MAC. However, in contrast to many of these cases, and given the extent of the changes found on this cat's postmortem examination, there was more limited clinical evidence to suggest widespread dissemination in this case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in a cat on long-term ciclosporin therapy and potential latent infection of an in-contact cat

Webster

Marchesi

Gunn‐Moore

et al. 2022

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary An 8-year-old domestic shorthair cat receiving long-term ciclosporin treatment was evaluated for a history of weight loss and hyporexia. The main clinical finding was a cluster of enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Cytological examination of fine-needle aspirates showed granulomatous inflammation with abundant acid-fast bacilli. A diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection was confirmed by PCR. The cat’s clinical condition deteriorated rapidly despite appropriate antibiotic treatment and it was euthanased 2 weeks after initial presentation due to development of severe paraparesis and ataxia. Post-mortem examination revealed granulomatous inflammation affecting multiple lymph nodes and other organs with intrahistiocytic acid-fast bacilli consistent with mycobacteria when stained using Ziehl–Neelsen stain. Another cat in the same household was screened for infection using the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), with the result being consistent with infection by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which includes MAC; however, it had no grossly detectable disease. Relevance and novel information This case report is an unusual presentation of disseminated MAC infection in a cat, which remains a rare diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware of unusual and rare presentations of this infection. The clinical findings, progression of disease and histopathology results add to the current clinical database for feline disseminated MAC infections. Another cat in the same household tested positive for NTM by IGRA without any gross disease. This was suggestive of latent MAC infection which, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported in an in-contact cat.

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DisseminatedMycobacterium avium–intracellulareInfection in a Persian Cat

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Computed tomographic findings in cats with mycobacterial infection

Computed tomographic findings in cats with mycobacterial infection

Radiographic Findings in Cats with Mycobacterial Infections

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in a cat on long-term ciclosporin therapy and potential latent infection of an in-contact cat

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