Computed tomographic findings in cats with mycobacterial infection

Major, Alison C; Holmes, Andrea E.; Warren-Smith, Chris; Lalor, Stephanie; Littler, Rebecca; Schwarz, Tobias; Gunn-Moore, Danièlle

doi:10.1177/1098612x15588799

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Computed tomography (CT) is commonly used in veterinary medicine and plays an important role in disease identification and cancer staging. The CT appearance of several infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic conditions has been described in cats including mycobacterial infections, peritonitis, pancreatitis, mediastinal masses, adipose masses, and fibrosarcoma . Differentiation of normal versus disease‐affected abdominal lymph nodes on CT is important not only for clinical and therapeutic decision making, but also for cancer staging and prognostication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic appearance of abdominal lymph nodes in healthy cats

Perlini

Bugbee

Secrest

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) is commonly used in veterinary medicine and plays an important role in disease identification and cancer staging. Identification of abnormal abdominal lymph nodes is important for clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic decision making. No published study describes the CT appearance of abdominal lymph nodes in healthy cats.Hypothesis/ObjectivesAll abdominal lymph centers will be identified on CT with the majority of lymph nodes being elongated and homogenously contrast enhancing.AnimalsSixteen healthy cats without clinical or biochemical evidence of disease.MethodsPrecontrast and postcontrast CT images of sedated healthy cats were used to identify the presence and descriptive characteristics of intra‐abdominal lymph nodes. These assessments then were compared with patient characteristics to identify possible correlations.ResultsAbdominal lymph nodes were readily identified on CT with caudal mesenteric, colic, hepatic, inguinal, and pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes identified in 16/16 cats. Lymph node size and shape varied among lymph centers with nearly all lymph nodes homogeneously contrast enhancing in 515/525. Significant negative correlations were identified between age and length (P = .0166) and width (P = .0387) of abdominal lymph nodes as well as age and number of sacral lymph nodes (P = .0493). Intranodal fat was present in 18/525 lymph nodes.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCT readily permitted identification and characterization of feline abdominal lymph nodes. This study provides subjective and objective data on the CT characteristics of abdominal lymph nodes in 16 healthy cats, with younger cats having larger abdominal lymph nodes and a higher number of sacral lymph nodes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic appearance of abdominal lymph nodes in healthy cats

Perlini

Bugbee

Secrest

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…[1][2][3] Disseminated disease can occur, resulting in non-specific signs related to the respiratory and/or alimentary tracts, giving rise to variable findings on diagnostic imaging investigations. [4][5][6][7] Thoracic and/ or abdominal pathology can more rarely result from acquisition of disease through inhalation or ingestion. 1,5 The radiological and computed tomography (CT) abnormalities associated with disseminated mycobacterial infection have previously been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of computed tomography imaging during long-term follow-up of nine feline tuberculosis cases

Major¹,

O’Halloran²,

Holmes

et al. 2017

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Case series summary Feline tuberculosis is an increasingly recognised potential zoonosis of cats. Treatment is challenging and prognosis can vary greatly between cases. Pulmonary infection requires extended courses of antibiotics, but methodologies for sensitively monitoring response to treatment are currently lacking. In this case series, we retrospectively examined the serial computed tomography (CT) findings in nine cats that had been diagnosed with tuberculosis. Changes in pathology (where applicable to tuberculosis) were correlated with the clinical presentation of each of the cats, the treatment protocol, and previous and contemporary diagnostic investigations. This study found that changes in CT findings during the medium- to long-term management of feline tuberculosis were highly variable between cats. The majority of cats had reduced pathology at re-examination during anti-tuberculous therapy, but pathology only resolved in a minority of cases. In some cases recurrence of pathology detected by CT imaging preceded clinical deterioration, allowing for rapid therapeutic intervention. Relevance and novel information When considered in combination with clinical findings, CT studies can aid in decision making regarding tapering of antibiotic protocols, or reintroduction of therapy in cases of recurrence or reinfection. This series also highlights that, in some cases, persistent abnormalities can be detected by CT, so complete resolution of CT pathology should not always be a goal in the management of feline tuberculosis.

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“…Nasal neoplasia typically exhibits many aggressive features, including destruction of the nasal septum, which should all be considered, and in this context the presence of marked nasal deviation may be interpreted as further diagnostic evidence. In cats, non‐neoplastic aggressive nasal soft tissue masses, such as fungal ( Cryptococcu s sp) and mycobacterial masses, in epidemic areas, are more commonly seen and there is growing anecdotal evidence that this is also the case in dogs . Therefore, the presence of mass lesions with aggressive features should not be interpreted as definitive for canine nasal neoplasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine nasal septum deviation can be a normal variation and correlates with increasing skull indices

Miles

Schwarz

2020

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Nasal septal deviation has been studied in relation to nasal pathology and mass effect in dogs. The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to compare the prevalence of nasal septal deviation in dogs with rhinitis, neoplasia, and those without nasal pathology based on the facial index, skull index, and cranial index. Computed tomographic studies of the nasal cavities of dogs performed over a 5-year period were retrospectively reviewed. This study had 233 dogs meeting the inclusion criteria with 135 dogs with no nasal pathology, 63 dogs with nasal neoplasia, and 35 dogs with rhinitis. The prevalence of nasal septal deviation, the angle, maximum distance, and longitudinal extent of deviation were recorded, as well as measurements to calculate the facial index, cranial index, and skull index. The results showed no difference in the prevalence of nasal septal deviation between dogs with nasal pathology and those without. The mean longitudinal extent of deviation and maximum distance of deviation was statistically greater for those with neoplasia compared to those with rhinitis and without nasal pathology. The longitudinal extent of deviation was inversely proportional to the cranial index, facial index, and skull index. The angle of deviation was directly proportional to the facial index and skull index. In conclusion, nasal septal deviation is an anatomic variant in different breeds of dogs with no predilection based on nasal pathology. Nasal septal deviation should be interpreted cautiously in the assessment of canine nasal disease. K E Y W O R D S computed tomography, dog, nasal septum, nose

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Computed tomographic findings in cats with mycobacterial infection

Abstract: CT of feline mycobacteriosis shows a wide range of abnormalities, often involving multiple organ systems and mimicking many other feline diseases. Mycobacteriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thoracic, abdominal and skeletal disorders in cats.

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Computed tomographic appearance of abdominal lymph nodes in healthy cats

Computed tomographic appearance of abdominal lymph nodes in healthy cats

Use of computed tomography imaging during long-term follow-up of nine feline tuberculosis cases

Canine nasal septum deviation can be a normal variation and correlates with increasing skull indices

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