Dissecting the Components of Sindbis Virus from Arthropod and Vertebrate Hosts: Implications for Infectivity Differences

Abstract

Sindbis virus (SINV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus, which is transmitted via mosquitos to a wide range of vertebrate hosts. SINV produced by vertebrate, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells is more than an order of magnitude less infectious than SINV produced from mosquito (C6/36) cells. The cause of this difference is poorly understood. In this study, charge detection mass spectrometry was used to determine the masses of intact SINV particles isolated from BHK and C6/36 cells. The measured masses are substantially different: 52.88 MDa for BHK derived SINV and 50.69 MDa for C6/36 derived. Further analysis using several mass spectrometry-based methods and biophysical approaches indicates that BHK derived SINV has a substantially higher mass than C6/36 derived because in the lipid bilayer, there is a higher portion of lipids containing long chain fatty acids. The difference in lipid composition could influence the organization of the lipid bilayer. As a result, multiple stages of the viral lifecycle may be affected *

Virus and chlorine adsorption onto guanidine modified cellulose nanofibers using covalent and hydrogen bonding

“…This is why alternative removal techniques are desired and why PPV is a useful model to test alternative methods for the removal of non-enveloped viruses from drinking water, i.e., the difficulty of both inactivating and of removing the virus. Sindbis virus belongs to the Togaviridae family and is slightly larger than PPV at about 70 nm [ 48 ]. It has a reported pI of 4.2 [ 49 ].…”

Current Understanding of the Role of Cholesterol in the Life Cycle of Alphaviruses

“…Concerning lipids other than cholesterol, alphaviruses such as SFV seem to have some selectivity for sphingomyelin species with long fatty-acid tails during budding from the host cell, since these lipids are up to fivefold more concentrated in the virus envelope than in the host cell plasma membrane [ 83 ]. A recent mass-spectrometry-based study revealed that SINV derived from mammalian cells has a substantially higher mass than SINV derived from insect cells because there is a higher portion of lipids containing long-chain fatty acids in the viral envelope [ 84 ]. As with the difference in cholesterol content, this difference in the extension of fatty-acid chains could also influence organization of the lipid bilayer and, ultimately, virus infectivity.…”

“…As with the difference in cholesterol content, this difference in the extension of fatty-acid chains could also influence organization of the lipid bilayer and, ultimately, virus infectivity. Indeed, SINV progeny produced by mammalian cell lines (e.g., BHK-21) may contain less than 2% infectious particles, being more than an order of magnitude less infectious than SINV produced from mosquito cell lines (e.g., C6/36), as quantified by fluorescent foci-forming assays [ 84 ].…”

Differential viral RNA methylation contributes to pathogen blocking inWolbachia-colonized arthropods

“…This carries the implication that progeny viruses originating from one cell type may possess intrinsic properties that can confer a fitness advantage while infecting a destination host cell type, altering their infectivity on these destination cells on a per-particle level. As to what such properties may represent, current evidence points towards differences in virus structure, like differential sialation or glycosylation of viral glycoproteins impacting host receptor-binding and/or differences in the encapsidated cargo e.g., packaging of host ribosomal components (2)(3)(4). Another property that might confer unique cell type-specific advantages to viruses is differential modification of the virion RNA.…”