Disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier in Candida albicans infections

Yan, Lan; Yang, Chunhui; Tang, Jianguo

doi:10.1016/j.micres.2013.02.008

Cited by 107 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The fungal pathogen C. albicans is able to adapt to and proliferate in various complex environments of the human host (25). Fungal survival requires stress response pathways to restore cell wall integrity during attack of host immune effectors (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling Domains of Mucin Msb2 in Candida albicans

2015

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bCandida albicans adapts to the human host by environmental sensing using the Msb2 signal mucin, which regulates fungal morphogenesis and resistance characteristics. Msb2 is anchored within the cytoplasmic membrane by a single transmembrane (TM) region dividing it into a large N-terminal exodomain, which is shed, and a small cytoplasmic domain. Analyses of strains carrying deleted Msb2 variants revealed an exodomain segment required for cleavage, shedding, and all functions of Msb2. Phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) Cek1 was regulated by three distinct regions in Msb2: in unstressed cells, N-terminal sequences repressed phosphorylation, while its induction under cell wall stress required the cytoplasmic tail (C-tail) and sequences N-terminally flanking the TM region, downstream of the proposed cleavage site. Within the latter Msb2 region, overlapping but not identical sequences were also required for hyphal morphogenesis, basal resistance to antifungals, and, in unstressed cells, downregulation of the PMT1 transcript, encoding protein O-mannosyltransferase-1. Deletion of two-thirds of the exodomain generated a truncated Msb2 variant with a striking ability to induce hyperfilamentous growth, which depended on the presence of the Msb2-interacting protein Sho1, the MAP kinase Cek1, and the Efg1 transcription factor. Under cell wall stress, the cytoplasmic tail relocalized partially to the nucleus and contributed to regulation of 117 genes, as revealed by transcriptomic analyses. Genes regulated by the C-tail contained binding sites for the Ace2 and Azf1 transcription factors and included the ALS cell wall genes. We concluded that Msb2 fulfills its numerous functions by employing functional domains that are distributed over its entire length.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling Domains of Mucin Msb2 in Candida albicans

2015

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“…Bacteriaefungal interactions can lead to enhanced virulence of one or both microbes, but bacteria may also limit the growth, survival, and colonization abilities of C. albicans in certain host niches. Therefore, disturbance of the microbial community will influence C. albicans lifestyle and signaling under almost all in vivo conditions, with important clinical implications: In fact, antibiotic treatment is one of the most prominent risk factors for candidiasis and the possibility of coinfections or increased resistance of mixed-species biofilms should be considered in the selection of antimicrobial therapy (Harriott & Noverr, 2011;Samonis et al, 1994;Yan, Yang, & Tang, 2013).…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureus and C Albicans Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida Survival Strategies

Polke

Hube

Jacobsen

2015

Advances in Applied Microbiology

150

101

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“…[17][18][19][20] The prevalence of Candida isolates in oral cavity is regulated by endogenous factors such as: (a) Oral epithelial cell antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, cathelicidins and histidine, and epithelial integrity, (b) salivary constituents such as salivary immunoglobulin A, lysozyme, histidine-rich polypeptides, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase, and (c) oral cavity temperature and exogenous factors such as high carbohydrate diet. [21][22][23][24] The epithelial cells provide a greater surface area which may promote Candida adhesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral candidal carriage and species identification among betel quid chewers and oral submucous fibrosis patients

Somashekhar¹,

Kamath²,

Ramanna³

2016

JCRI

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Background:The Candida species are saprophytic component of the normal oral microbiota. The disequilibrium in the homeostasis between Candida, host immune system and normal oral bacterial flora promotes a Candida carriage. Aim of the Study: The present study was done to assess oral candidal carriage and species identification among healthy subjects, betel quid chewing (BQC), and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients using CHROMagar® media. Materials and Methods: Oral swabs collected from the reservoirs of Candida species (buccal mucosa and tongue) in study groups using sterile cotton swabs were inoculated on Sabouraud's dextrose agar candidal medium and CHROMagar® Candida agar medium consecutively. Determination of Candida species was done based on morphology characteristics and pigment produced. The results were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: Candida carriage was more in samples of buccal mucosa followed by the tongue. Candida albicans was the major isolate in both healthy subjects and BQC but with greater frequency in BQC. Candida tropicalis was the major isolate in OSF patients predominantly in buccal mucosa followed by the tongue. Conclusion: C. tropicalis, a non-C. albicans species, was the major isolate in OSF. This unique finding implicates an immunological change of oral environment brought about by BQC and OSF.

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Disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier in Candida albicans infections

Cited by 107 publications

References 88 publications

Signaling Domains of Mucin Msb2 in Candida albicans

Signaling Domains of Mucin Msb2 in Candida albicans

Candida Survival Strategies

Oral candidal carriage and species identification among betel quid chewers and oral submucous fibrosis patients

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