Candida Survival Strategies

Polke, Melanie; Hube, Bernhard; Jacobsen, Ilse D.

doi:10.1016/bs.aambs.2014.12.002

Cited by 144 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 658 publications

(887 reference statements)

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“…In the last two decades, it has been observed a considerable increase in the incidence of deep fungal infections, not only in immunocompromised patients related to nosocomial infections, but also in healthy subjects. Moreover, the incidence of C. albicans , the leading pathogenic Candida species so far, has declined while that of non- albicans Candida is increased [1]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid and vapour-phase antifungal activities of essential oils against Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida

Mandras

Nostro

Roana

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundThe management of Candida infections faces many problems, such as a limited number of antifungal drugs, toxicity, resistance of Candida to commonly antifungal drugs, relapse of Candida infections, and the high cost of antifungal drugs. Though azole antifungal agents and derivatives continue to dominate as drugs of choice against Candida infections, there are many available data referring to the anticandidal activity of essential oils. Since we have previous observed a good antimicrobial activity of some essential oils against filamentous fungi, the aim of this study was to extend the research to evaluate the activity of the same oils on Candida albicans, C.glabrata and C.tropicalis clinical strains, as well as the effects of related components. Essential oils selection was based both on ethnomedicinal use and on proved antibacterial and/or antifungal activity of some of these oils. Fluconazole and voriconazole were used as reference drugs.MethodsThe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of essential oils (thyme red, fennel, clove, pine, sage, lemon balm, and lavender) and their major components were investigated by the broth microdilution method (BM) and the vapour contact assay (VC).ResultsUsing BM, pine oil showed the best activity against all strains tested, though C.albicans was more susceptible than C.glabrata and C.tropicalis (MIC50-MIC90 = 0.06 %, v/v). On the contrary, sage oil displayed a weak activity (MIC50-MIC90 = 1 %, v/v). Thyme red oil (MIC50-MIC90 ≤ 0.0038 %, v/v for C.albicans and C.tropicalis, and 0.0078- < 0.015 %, v/v for C.glabrata), followed by lemon balm, lavender and sage were the most effective by VC. Carvacrol and thymol showed the highest activity, whereas linalyl acetate showed the lowest activity both by two methods. α-pinene displayed a better activity by BM than VC.ConclusionResults show a good activity of essential oils, mainly thymus red and pine oils, and their components carvacrol, thymol and α-pinene against Candida spp., including fluconazole/voriconazole resistant strains. These data encourage adequately controlled and randomized clinical investigations. The use in vapour phase could have additional advantages without requiring direct contact, resulting in easy of environmental application such as in hospital, and/or in school.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid and vapour-phase antifungal activities of essential oils against Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida

Mandras

Nostro

Roana

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…To study potential consequences of psoriasin-mediated changes of the C. albicans cell wall, two major steps in the pathogenesis of Candida infection were investigated, adhesion and induction of a cytokine response [28]. First, our experiments with vaginal lavage from healthy women and from patients with recurrent VVC confirmed the presence of anti-adhesive activity in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Psoriasin, a novel anti-Candida albicans adhesin

et al. 2018

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Candida albicans belongs to the normal microbial flora on epithelial surfaces of humans. However, under certain, still not fully understood conditions, it can become pathogenic and cause a spectrum of diseases, from local infections to life-threatening septicemia. We investigated a panel of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs), potentially involved in mucosal immunity against this pathogen. Out of six studied AMPs, psoriasin was most up-regulated during a mucosal infection, an acute episode of recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis, although candidacidal activity has not been demonstrated. We here show that psoriasin binds to β-glucan, a basic component of the C. albicans cell wall, and thereby inhibits adhesion of the pathogen to surfaces and increases IL-8 production by mucosal epithelial cells. In conclusion, we show a novel mechanism of action of psoriasin. By inhibiting C. albicans adhesion and by enhancing cytokine production, psoriasin contributes to the immune response against C. albicans.Key messages The antimicrobial peptide psoriasin is highly up-regulated during a local mucosal infection, Candida albicans vulvovaginitis.Psoriasin binds to β-glucan in the Candida albicans cell wall and thereby inhibits adhesion of the pathogen.Binding of psoriasin to Candida albicans induces an immune response by mucosal epithelial cells. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-018-1637-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In humans, abdominal bloat is sometimes associated with fungi [6] such as Candida spp. which are known to produce many toxins [7] that may alter normal physiological functions [8]. For the future, it would be of interest to characterize the fungi to better understand the pathology and possibly to eradicate or minimize this condition through antifungal treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal Distension Associated with Luminal Fungi in the Intestines of Axolotl Larvae

Zullian

Dodelet-Devillers

Roy

et al. 2015

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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Axolotls show a remarkable regeneration capacity compared with higher vertebrates, regenerating missing appendages such as limbs and tail as well as other body parts (i.e., apex of the heart, forebrain, and jaw) after amputations which makes this animal a very interesting research model for tissue regeneration mechanisms. Larvae are individually housed in a 20% Holtfreter's solution within clear plastic containers. The photoperiod light : darkness cycle is 12 : 12 h. Larvae with a total body length of less than 5 cm are fed once a day with large brine shrimp and blood worm. Albino larvae appeared to have a tendency to exhibit abdominal distention. No clinical signs of illness seemed to be associated with the condition; however, these animals exhibit a relatively slower growth rate. To better characterize this condition, we performed histological sectioning for cross sectional slide preparation on wild type and albino axolotl larvae following euthanasia. The only lesion seen in the albino larvae was a thickened gut wall and the presence of fungi within the intestines. We hypothesize that this may be due to a lower efficacy of the albino larvae's immune system.

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Candida Survival Strategies

Cited by 144 publications

References 658 publications

Liquid and vapour-phase antifungal activities of essential oils against Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida

Liquid and vapour-phase antifungal activities of essential oils against Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida

Psoriasin, a novel anti-Candida albicans adhesin

Abdominal Distension Associated with Luminal Fungi in the Intestines of Axolotl Larvae

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