Disruption of mstna and mstnb gene through CRISPR/Cas9 leads to elevated muscle mass in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

Genome editing on finfish: Current status and implications for sustainability

“…23 The first approach for avoiding off-target effects may be done by careful design of the gRNA by comparing the planned gRNA(s) to established genome assemblies, which has been done in several of the studies analysed in this review. 13,14,25,49,51,53,57,59,60,61,63,69,72,73,83 Some studies suspect embryo mortality 35,79 and embryo malformation followed by death 12 to be related to off-target effects. Simora et al 77 experienced that increased mutation rate implied increased embryo mortality after inserting an alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) cathelicidin gene for pathogen resistance in Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque), suspecting this to be either offtarget effects or pleiotropic effects.…”

Application of Gene Editing for Climate Change in Agriculture

“…In animal gene editing, many efforts have converged on targeting the MSTN gene in species such as pig, cattle, sheep, goat, rabbit, and several aquatic animals including carp, catfish, and red sea bream (Dong et al, 2011;Han et al, 2014;Luo et al, 2014;Ni et al, 2014;Crispo et al, 2015;Proudfoot et al, 2015;Qian et al, 2015;Wang K. et al, 2015;Wang X. et al, 2015;Bi et al, 2016;Guo et al, 2016;Li et al, 2016;Rao et al, 2016;Tanihara et al, 2016;Yu et al, 2016Yu et al, , 2019Zhong et al, 2016;Khalil et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2017;He et al, 2018;Kishimoto et al, 2018;Su et al, 2018a;Zhang J. et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2020). The MSTN gene (also known as GDF8) encodes the gene for myostatin, a growth differentiation factor that inhibits muscle growth.…”

“…TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 were later used to edit carp, a tetraploid species, although severe bone defects were present in addition to enhanced muscle mass (Zhong et al, 2016). Successful editing followed in several aquaculture species such as catfish, which resulted in a 29.7% increase in catfish fry body weight (Khalil et al, 2017), red sea bream, which resulted in a 16% increase in muscle mass (Kishimoto et al, 2018), and blunt snout bream, which resulted in a 7% increase in body weight (Sun et al, 2020). Outside of fish there has also been one successful MSTN knockout in pacific oyster, a major aquaculture bivalve (Yu et al, 2019).…”

Genome editing and its applications in genetic improvement in aquaculture

“…6,28 In over 20 aquaculture species, CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used in studies on gene functions and breeding (Table 1). These species include Nile tilapia (O. niloticus), 23,79 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), 26,80,81 Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), 25 oriental prawn (Exopalaemon carinicauda), 82 Labeo rohita, a farmed carp (known as rohu), 83 common carp (Cyprinus carpio), 76,84 The Burton's mouth-brooder (Astatotilapia burtoni), 61 Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), 85 Red sea bream (Pagrus major), [86][87][88] channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), [89][90][91] grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), 92 sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus), 93 olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), 27,94,95 Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), 96 blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), 97 white prawn (Exopalaemon carinicauda), 82 fighting fish (Betta 98 and other species. 12 Studies on genome editing in aquaculture species confirmed that the CRISPR/Cas system is highly efficient, has lower off-target tendencies, and is able to generate long fragment deletions.…”