Disruption of embryonic and fetal development due to preimplantation chemical insults: A critical review

Iannaccone, Philip M.; Bossert, Nancy L.; Connelly, Camille S.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(87)80198-9

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Larger decidual swellings are indicative of normal peri-implantation development and are a continuous index of preimplantation damage. 2 When the exposed blastocysts were allowed to develop to term, a significant increase in the rate of stillbirth was observed ( Table 4). The overall birth rate and the live birth rate showed no relationship between exposure and outcome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resorption rates in embryos after exposure to agents capable of causing embryonic dysfunction can be increased in circumstances in which the blastocyst is capable of being activated and can implant. 2 The embryo fails to develop as a result of the toxic exposure, and the implantation site begins to disorganize and eventually resorbs. The injury pro- t Percentage of embryos exposed to ultrasonic beams recovered as viable pups after transfer to surrogate mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of these endpoints in an analysis of embry· onic dysfunction has been reviewed recently. 2 …”

Section: Analysis Of Implantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of preimplantation sonographic exposure in postimplantation development and pregnancy outcome.

Iannaccone

Gorder²,

Madsen³

et al. 1991

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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To determine what, if any, effects exposure to ultrasonic beams has on preimplantation embryos we iso· lated mouse blastocysts and assessed resorption rate, pregnancy rate, decidual swelling volume, and live birth rate after in vitro exposure with subsequent transfer to surrogate mothers. The blastocyst stage embryos were isolated by flushing the uteri of pregnant animals with a phosphate buffered medium. Blastocysts at a discrete stage of development were pooled and transferred to a PBl ·methykellulose medium. This medium is specifically designed to maintain the embryos in a high viscosity solution during the sonographic expo· sure to prevent microcavitation. After the exposure, the embryos were washed free of methylcellulose and T he commonly held notion that the preimplantation embryo is safe from the noxious effects of chemical disruption has been shown to be an oversimplification. u The blastocyst stage of the preimplantation embryogenesis is a period of critical genetic determination and differentiation? It is incorrect to assume that this period is not susceptible to subtle nonlethal mutations that may result in poor pregnancy outcome, including dysmorphogenesis.4-B Recently our group and others have confirmed that transferred to the uteri of pseudopregnant surrogate mothers. A total of 660 blastocyst stage embryos were distributed among seven treatment groups. After exposure, the embryos were transferred to 54 surrogate mothers. A total of 199 embryos were implanted successfully for postimplantation evaluation. An additional 427 blastocysts were distributed among four treatment groups and transferred to 46 surrogate moth· ers to assess the effect of sonographic exposure on birth rate. The results indicate possible deleterious effects (decreased implantation rate, increased resorption rate, decreased decidual swelling volume, and increased stillbirth rate) of short ultrasonic exposures (1 min and 5 min) on mouse blastocyst function.exposure to methylnitrosourea (MNU), a direct-acting mutagen, can result in significant postimplantation dysmorphogenesis after exposure in the preimplantation stage-that is, during middle to late gestation but Jong after the exposure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The role of preimplantation sonographic exposure in postimplantation development and pregnancy outcome.

Iannaccone

Gorder²,

Madsen³

et al. 1991

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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“…A significant increase in preimplantation loss was observed only in the GD0 group. Treatment of mouse embryos with MMS at preimplantation stages was previously shown to induce their death both in vitro (Fabro et al, 1984;Iannaccone et al, 1987) and in vivo (Generoso et al, 1991;Rutledge et al, 1992;Nagao et al, 1997;Rutledge, 1997). Treatment of male rats or mice with MMS induces a dominant lethal phenotype in embryos d erived fro m th e ex pos ed sp er m (Ehling and Neuhauser-Klaus, 1990;Ashby et al, 1996) and chromosomal damage in gametes results in such a phenotype of embryos (Brewen et al, 1975;Katoh and Tanaka, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rat is the most commonly used experimental animal for toxicity evaluation and has a longer pregastrulation period compared with that in the mouse. The preimplantation period is approximately 4 days in mice and 5 days in rats (Witschi, 1962;Iannaccone et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Susceptibility of Rat Embryos to Methyl Methanesulfonate During the Pregastrulation Period

et al. 2007

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-The effects of exposure of pregnant rats to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), an alkylating agent, during the pregastrulation period on embryonic and placental development were investigated. SD rats were treated orally with a single dose of MMS (200 mg/kg) in the morning of gestation days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 (GD0 to GD6 groups, respectively). The uterine contents including fetuses and placentas of the dams were examined on gestation day 20. The individual fetuses and placentas were weighed, and the fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal anomalies. The progress of ossification was also evaluated. Both pre-and postimplantation embryonic mortalities were higher in the GD0 group than in the control group. The postimplantation loss was also increased for the GD3, GD4 and GD6 groups. Fetal malformations were rare in survivors of all the MMS-treated groups. Intrauterine growth retardation was apparent for fetuses in groups GD5 and GD6. In addition, placental weight was reduced in the GD6 group, but it was increased in the GD0 group. Effects of MMS on embryonic mortality or on fetal or placental growth were absent or minimal in the GD1 and GD2 groups. These results suggest that the susceptibility of rat embryos to MMS varies during the pregastrulation period.

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First 10 000 chorionic villus samplings performed on singleton pregnancies by a single operator

et al. 1998

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Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed in 10 000 consecutive singleton pregnancies by a single principal operator, working in two institutions. The procedure was performed between 8 and 32 gestational weeks: transabdominal (TA) sampling was carried out in 8479 cases and transcervical (TC) in 1521. Patients were referred for chromosomal risk in 89·1 per cent of cases, Mendelian disorders in 10·5 per cent, and DNA investigations for paternity or infectious agents in 0·4 per cent of cases. The sampling success rate for both TA and TC techniques by the second insertion was 99·8 and 99·2 per cent, respectively. TA sampling succeeded in a higher number of cases at the first insertion (98 per cent vs. 86·8 per cent) and was associated with smaller samples (<10 mg) in fewer cases (3·2 per cent vs. 4·9 per cent). Cytogenetic analysis was highly successful (99·4 per cent) and accurate; however, in one case a de novo structural rearrangement of chromosome 1 was not recognized. Mosaicism or rare trisomies were reported in 1·30 per cent of cases. Five diagnostic errors in DNA investigation (0·51 per cent) ended with the birth of affected fetuses. Fetal loss through 28 weeks' gestation in the pregnancies intended to continue was 2·58 per cent; the rate increased with maternal age (1·22 per cent at less than 30 years to 3·8 per cent at 40 years or more), while gestational age affected the abortion rate only at 8 weeks (odds ratio=2·22, P<0·05). Rates of premature delivery, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality did not differ from the Italian standards. By comparison with the Italian Birth Defects Registry data, no differences were found for the major malformations, including transverse limb reduction defects (TLRDs) (4·34 vs. 3·28×10 000). Total malformations and TLRDs did not show any pattern relation to either maternal age or gestational age. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Disruption of embryonic and fetal development due to preimplantation chemical insults: A critical review

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

The role of preimplantation sonographic exposure in postimplantation development and pregnancy outcome.

The role of preimplantation sonographic exposure in postimplantation development and pregnancy outcome.

Differential Susceptibility of Rat Embryos to Methyl Methanesulfonate During the Pregastrulation Period

First 10 000 chorionic villus samplings performed on singleton pregnancies by a single operator

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