Disposition of oral clarithromycin in foals

Jacks, Stephanie; Giguère, Steeve; Gronwall, R; Brown, M. P.; Merritt, K.A.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2885.2002.00420.x

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the present study, CLR was at least as active as ERY against R. equi in vitro, whereas AZI was eightfold less active. MIC 90 s of CLR and AZI against R. equi in the present study were considerably below achievable concentrations of these drugs in serum, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid, or bronchoalveolar cells following oral administration to foals (6,14,15). In contrast to the macrolides evaluated in the present study (ERY, CLR, and AZM), tilmicosin, a veterinary macrolide, has poor in vitro activity against R. equi, with MIC 90 s of Ͼ32 g/ml (4).…”

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confidence: 67%

“…In people, the incidence and the severity of side effects for these drugs are also considerably decreased from those for ERY (25). The pharmacokinetics of these antimicrobial agents in foals have recently been investigated (6,14,15). However, the paucity of in vitro susceptibility studies precludes the rational use of these antimicrobial agents for the treatment of R. equi infections in foals.…”

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confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Susceptibilities of Rhodococcus equi and Other Common Equine Pathogens to Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, and 20 Other Antimicrobials

Jacks¹,

Giguère²,

Nguyen

2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

108

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The objective of this study was to determine in vitro activities of azithromycin (AZM), clarithromycin (CLR), and 20 other antimicrobial agents against Rhodococcus equi and other common equine bacterial pathogens. A total of 201 bacterial isolates from various equine clinical samples were examined. CLR was more active than AZM against R. equi, with MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited of 0.12 and 1.0 g/ml, respectively. Other antimicrobial agents highly active against at least 90% of R. equi isolates in vitro included rifampin, gentamicin, and imipenem. Both AZM and CLR showed good activity against beta-hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus spp. AZM was more active than other macrolides against Pasteurella spp. and Salmonella enterica.

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confidence: 67%

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Susceptibilities of Rhodococcus equi and Other Common Equine Pathogens to Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, and 20 Other Antimicrobials

Jacks¹,

Giguère²,

Nguyen

2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

108

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“…Combinations of TMS or doxycycline with rifampin may assist with penetration into abscesses. In foals, azithromycin (10 mg/kg by mouth every 24 hours for12 hours) [21], or erythromycin stearate (25 mg/kg by mouth every 6-8 hours or 37.5 mg/kg every 12 hours) [22] in combination with rifampin is recommended to treat rhodococcus abscesses and generally is effective against streptococci. Erythromycin is contraindicated in adult horses because of the risk of severe and possibly fatal colitis [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinobacillus Pleuritis and Peritonitis in a Quarter Horse Mare

Stewart

2006

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

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A retired 26-year-old, 481-kg Quarter Horse mare presented for a 7-day history of weakness, ataxia, stiff gait, and frequent stumbling. Two days previously, the referring veterinarian diagnosed an acute, progressive neurologic disorder. Dexamethasone (60 mg intravenously [IV]) and dimethyl sulfoxide (500 g in 5 L lactated Ringer's solution, IV) were given. The following day, the reported ataxia had worsened and the mare was anorectic, depressed, and lethargic. Treatment for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (TMS) (9.6 g by mouth, every 12 hours) was commenced. Referral for cervical radiographs and cerebrospinal fluid collection was advised.Biannual vaccination (eastern and western equine encephalitis, influenza, tetanus, equine herpesvirus-1 and -4, and rabies), quarterly teeth floating, and deworming were current. The last anthelmintic (ivermectin) was given 3 weeks previously. The mare was stalled at night and daytime pastured with an apparently normal gelding and goat. The mare was fed free choice hay and Equine Senior (Purina Mills, LLC, St. Louis) (1.5 kg every 12 hours). There was no recent stress from travel or exercise or history of upper respiratory tract (URT) infection. For 25 years, there was no illness, other than removal of a fractured upper premolar 4 years previously. Physical examinationThe mare was depressed and reluctant to walk. There was evidence of weakness (profound toe dragging and mild truncal sway), a stiff forelimb gait, and low head carriage. Cranial nerve functions were appropriate. There was no hypermetria, limb circumduction, ataxia, spasticity, or lameness. The mare was in good body condition, with normal muscle symmetry.

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“…However, the lack of pharmacokinetic studies precludes the rational use of this antimicrobial agent in targeted animal species. Pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin has been studied in human being (Ferrero et al 1990), (Chu et al 1992a) (Traunmuller et al 2007), desert tortoise (Wimsatt et al 1999); foals (Jacks et al 2002), beagle dogs (Zhang et al 2008) and cats (Katayama et al 2012). The present study was designed to characterize pharmacokinetic profile of clarithromycin in a not-yet-studied animal species that is broiler chickens after single intravenous (i.v.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin after single intravenous and intracrop bolus administrations to broiler chickens

AwadAllah

Awidat

El-Mahmoudy

2016

IJPT

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The pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight was evaluated after single intravenous (i.v.) and intracrop (i.c.) bolus administrations in broilers. An HPLC assay using pure clarithromycin base as a standard was used to measure its concentrations in plasma. Following an i.v. bolus injection, the plasma concentration-time curves of clarithromycin were best represented by twocompartment open models. The drug was rapidly distributed and moderately eliminated with half-lives of distribution (t 1/2α ) and elimination (t 1/2β ) of 0.38 and 4.58 h, respectively. The volume of distribution was large with (V dss ) value of 6.89 L. The total body clearance (Cl B ) was 1.2 L/h. After i.c. bolus administration of the same dose, clarithromycin was moderately absorbed in broilers with an intermediate absorption half-life (T ½ab ) of 0.72 h with peak plasma concentration (C max ) of 1.69 μg/ml attained at 1.7 h (T max ) and systemic bioavailability of 66.54%. The elimination half-life following i.c. administration was 2.11 h. The extent of plasma protein binding percent was 52%. The study recommends the use of clarithromycin in broilers because of its good pharmacokinetic profile indicated by good absorption, bioavailability and plasma concentrations ≥ MICs of many sensitive microorganisms.

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Disposition of oral clarithromycin in foals

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

In Vitro Susceptibilities of Rhodococcus equi and Other Common Equine Pathogens to Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, and 20 Other Antimicrobials

In Vitro Susceptibilities of Rhodococcus equi and Other Common Equine Pathogens to Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, and 20 Other Antimicrobials

Actinobacillus Pleuritis and Peritonitis in a Quarter Horse Mare

Pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin after single intravenous and intracrop bolus administrations to broiler chickens

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