Disposable Screen Printed Electrochemical Sensors: Tools for Environmental Monitoring

Abstract

Screen printing technology is a widely used technique for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors. This methodology is likely to underpin the progressive drive towards miniaturized, sensitive and portable devices, and has already established its route from “lab-to-market” for a plethora of sensors. The application of these sensors for analysis of environmental samples has been the major focus of research in this field. As a consequence, this work will focus on recent important advances in the design and fabrication of disposable screen printed sensors for the electrochemical detection of environmental contaminants. Special emphasis is given on sensor fabrication methodology, operating details and performance characteristics for environmental applications.

Biosensors in Antimicrobial Drug Discovery: Since Biology until Screening Platforms

“…Also is very important the selection of transducer (optical, electrochemical, acoustic) depending of their applications (portable device in field, research laboratory, clinical practice), for develop a biosensor for clinical area is of importance to comply with these characteristics: portability, rapidity, and costeffectiveness [10,28]. In this way the development of portable devices that use smaller sample volume is necessary to carry out field tests with greater agility and speed, in where electrochemical devices have the ability in a low cost of to be miniaturized to increase portability with high sensitivity and specificity [126]. Equally, biosensors as powerful bioanalytical technology require before implementation for in vitro diagnostics to be evaluated in two components as are analytical verification and clinical validation.…”

Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Copper Traces in Carbonate Minerals and Fly Ash Extracts Using a Screen-Printed Electrode Modified In Situ with Antimony Film

“…Recently, screenprinted electrodes (SPE) have been attracting increasing interest in stripping voltammetry as an alternative substrate for metal film formation because of their many advantages, such as mass production, low cost, small size, lower susceptibility to oxygen interferences, and the possibility of disposal after a single use [25][26][27][28][29][30]. SPEs work with portable, battery-operated electrochemical analysers, making it possible to test the level of toxic metals on site (e.g., stockpiles of raw materials at production sites, in areas contaminated by leakage from industrial installations, ash or slag heaps).…”

Modification of Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) with Fe3O4 for the Determination of Nitrite (NO2-) in Squarewave Voltammetry

“…One way to improve the selectivity and sensitivity is the modification of electrode (Yildiz, Oztekin, Orbay, & Senkal, 2014). Screen-printed electrodes (SPE) is a good electrode device reference electrode, the electrode support and the working electrode is printed on the same substrate surface (Hayat & Marty, 2014). Modification of surface electrode can be done by adding various substances such as metal oxides (Li et al, 2014), a polymer (Lin, Vasantha, & Ho, 2009) and enzymes (Soukup & Vytˇ, 2010).…”