Disposable mercury-free cell-on-a-chip devices with integrated microfabricated electrodes for the determination of trace nickel(II) by adsorptive stripping voltammetry

A Decade with Bismuth‐Based Electrodes in Electroanalysis

“…More recently, however bismuth precursors have been synthesized such as bismuth nanopowders and directly cast onto screen printed carbon substrates with Nafion [113,149]. Finally, lithographic sputtering has been shown in more recent years to also successfully produce bismuth sensors having been applied to the determination of nickel [140] and lead and cadmium [145].…”

“…New or innovated methods for the triad of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) had included their determination in model solutions [129,130,146,148,157,161], natural (often river) [137, 139, 145, 153 -156], tap [134,135,139,143,151,159], and industrial waste waters [128,134,141], white wine [139], soil extracts [141,154], synthetic fertilizer [145], vegetables [160,163], medicinal herbs [162], or even in whole blood [133]. Other metal and metalloid species included Tl(I) ion and its determination in the presence of EDTA [149], Fe(III) in seawater [136], Co(II) and /or Ni(II) in river and spiked waters [140,152], or As(III) in river and seawater specimens [158]. Again, the procedures with Bi-based electrodes were used for the determination of metal ions of the elements nobler than bismuth; namely, Cu(II) and Hg(II), both showing fine applicability in analyses of polluted and/or purified waters [131], or sugar-cane spirit [142].…”

The renewable bismuth bulk annular band working electrode: Fabrication and application in the adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of nickel(II) and cobalt(II)

“…Nowadays in SV, beside the BiFEs, bismuth-modified carbon paste electrodes, bismuth-modified carbon nanotubes, bismuth nanoparticles modified screen-printed carbon electrodes and bismuth singlecrystal-plane electrodes are frequently used [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Different microfabricated bismuth working electrodes were used to construct bismuth microelectrode arrays, miniaturized sensor chip (lab-on-a-chips), and also bismuth vibrating electrodes for stripping voltammetric detection of trace metals [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Among the bismuth-based electrode options, little work has been done using a bismuth bulk electrode (BiBE).…”

“…Cobalt serves its paramount, established function as a component of vitamin B 12 while nickel has recently been found to be essential for a number of metabolic processes [27]. Ni(II) and Co(II) determinations by means of the AdSV measurements were carried out in ammonia or Britton Robinson (BR) buffers after complexation with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) [12,14,15,17,20,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. In such buffers, bismuth salts undergo hydrolysis and the measurements cannot be performed at the in situ plated bismuth film electrode.…”

Recent trends in nanomaterial-based microanalytical systems for the speciation of trace elements: A critical review

“…Manz et al proposed a system combining CE withan MF device [143], using electrokinetics to achieve sample separation and solvent pumping[144,145]. Several other studies of CE-based microfluidics for trace element speciation have been published[146][147][148][149]. Most MF-based electrophoresis systems generally feature (1) a sample and buffer injection zone, (2) an electrophoresis separation channel, and (3) a system for analyte detection.…”