“…In fact, informal and slum settlements but also other forms are abundant in Europe comprising manifold physical appearances. They commonly have their roots in societal phenomena such as discrimination (e.g., European Commission, 2011Commission, , 2020, inequality (e.g., Dauderstädt, 2017), segregation (e.g., Wacquant & Howe 2008), refusal (e.g. Korando, 2012) and escape (UNHCR, 2021a) in consequence of global markets (Sassen, 1996), economic crisis (e.g., Andriopoulou et al, 2018), climate change (UN-Habitat, 2020), natural disaster (e.g., Guadagno, 2016), terrorism (e.g., Helbling & Meierrieks, 2020), war (de Haas et al, 2019), rural exodus with urban population pressure (Davis, 2011) and lack of housing space ( de Soto, 2000).…”