Display of organs and isodoses as shaded 3-D objects for 3-D therapy planning

Bauer-Kirpes, Bernhard; Schlegel, Wolfgang; Boesecke, R.; Lorenz, Walter J.

doi:10.1016/0360-3016(87)90272-0

Cited by 49 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Three general approaches have been previously proposed: Dooley and Cohen [11] suggested using a fixed screen-space pattern to modulate the opacity of a transparent surface after projection onto the image plane; Levoy et al [29] used a uniform sampling of finite-width planes along the three orthogonal axes of a 3D dataset to define a volume opacity mask that could be applied as a generic "solid texture" [40] during volume rendering; and Rheingans [43] developed a method for using standard hardware texture-mapping routines to apply a procedurally-defined 2D texture across evenly-distributed points on an arbitrary surface in 3D. In addition, there is significant precedent, particularly in applications that use computer graphics for interactive data display, for representing a continuous transparent or opaque surface by a sparse set of discrete graphical primitives such as points, lines, spheres, or triangle strips [8], [41], [45], [1]. Sometimes intended more as a means of improving rendering efficiency than as a device for improving the comprehensibility of surface shape, it can be argued that the best of these methods serve both purposes well.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conveying the 3D shape of smoothly curving transparent surfaces via texture

Interrante¹,

Fuchs

Pizer

1997

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

129

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Transparency can be a useful device for depicting multiple overlapping surfaces in a single image. The challenge is to render the transparent surfaces in such a way that their three-dimensional shape can be readily understood and their depth distance from underlying structures clearly perceived. This paper describes our investigations into the use of sparsely-distributed discrete, opaque texture as an "artistic device" for more explicitly indicating the relative depth of a transparent surface and for communicating the essential features of its 3D shape in an intuitively meaningful and minimally occluding way. The driving application for this work is the visualization of layered surfaces in radiation therapy treatment planning data, and the technique is illustrated on transparent isointensity surfaces of radiation dose. We describe the perceptual motivation and artistic inspiration for defining a stroke texture that is locally oriented in the direction of greatest normal curvature (and in which individual strokes are of a length proportional to the magnitude of the curvature in the direction they indicate), and discuss two alternative methods for applying this texture to isointensity surfaces defined in a volume. We propose an experimental paradigm for objectively measuring observers' ability to judge the shape and depth of a layered transparent surface, in the course of a task relevant to the needs of radiotherapy treatment planning, and use this paradigm to evaluate the practical effectiveness of our approach through a controlled observer experiment based on images generated from actual clinical data.

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Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conveying the 3D shape of smoothly curving transparent surfaces via texture

Interrante¹,

Fuchs

Pizer

1997

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

129

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“…ESS communicates inter-surface positioning and relationships while minimizing surface distortion. Drawing inspiration from Escher drawings in conjunction with Bauer-Kirpes et al’s “barrel hoops” used for display of dosage surfaces in medical applications, 6 ESS displays spatial relationships of surfaces generated from ensemble data sets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…used a ribbon-like technique, called “barrel hoops” for the display of the outer surface in multiple surface medical applications. 6 ESS generalizes slicing techniques to apply to more than two surfaces. This allows for it to be used for displaying small ensembles.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative visualization of ensembles using ensemble surface slicing

Alabi

Harter

et al. 2012

Visualization and Data Analysis 2012

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By definition, an ensemble is a set of surfaces or volumes derived from a series of simulations or experiments. Sometimes the series is run with different initial conditions for one parameter to determine parameter sensitivity. The understanding and identification of visual similarities and differences among the shapes of members of an ensemble is an acute and growing challenge for researchers across the physical sciences. More specifically, the task of gaining spatial understanding and identifying similarities and differences between multiple complex geometric data sets simultaneously has proved challenging. This paper proposes a comparison and visualization technique to support the visual study of parameter sensitivity. We present a novel single-image view and sampling technique which we call Ensemble Surface Slicing (ESS). ESS produces a single image that is useful for determining differences and similarities between surfaces simultaneously from several data sets. We demonstrate the usefulness of ESS on two real-world data sets from our collaborators.

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“…All of these measurements are parts of the first step to many other compli cated computerized calculations including three-dimensional software utilization [2], CT-based interstitial [2], external [1], or focal-external radiotherapy planning, and CT-based resection [4]. In the CT imaging system, the principal factors responsible for error measurement were inappropriate display window setting, limitations of spatial resolution, inappropriate slice thickness and display/film distortion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%