“…The transvenous approach therefore rapidly supplanted the epicardial technique because it was faster and oould be done under local anesthetic with less risk to the patient. Although the perioperative morbidity of transvenous paoing was low, the long-term complication rate i.n early reports and in a recent review was high becau~ of lead clisplaeerrtent (Brewster and Evans, 1979;Maflsour etal., 1973;Morris et 01., 1967;Seremetis et 01., 1973) perfonHion ofihe ventricle, axillary vein thromlblis (Mansptir el 01., 1973;Seremetis et 01., 1973), puJmonary emboli (Ptozan et 01., 1968), and bacterial endocarditis (Schwartz and Pervez, 1921). Of these, lead displacement was by far the most Gommon complication requiring reoperation.…”