Dispersion Experiments in Central London: The 2007 DAPPLE project

Wood, Curtis W.; Arnold, Samantha; Balogun, Ahmed A.; Barlow, Janet F.; Belcher, Stephen E.; Britter, Rex; Hong, Cheng; Dobre, Adrian; Lingard, Justin J. N.; Martin, Damien; Neophytou, Marina; Petersson, Fredrik; Robins, Alan; Shallcross, Dudley E.; Smalley, Robert; Tate, James; Tomlin, Alison S.; White, Iain R.

doi:10.1175/2009bams2638.1

Cited by 92 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Multiple point sources were used so that the combined concentration fields filled the lateral extent of the street canyon in which they were located. The location of the sources allowed us to investigate the problem from a 'near-to-intermediate field' perspective (see, e.g., Belcher, 2005;Wood et al, 2009, for a description of the classifications: near-, intermediate-, and far-field).…”

Section: Tracer Dispersion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These began as a 4-year U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) funded project within the Engineering for Health, Infrastructure and Environment Programme (Arnold et al, 2004). The work then continued under a 3-year follow-up project (DAPPLE-HO) funded by the UK Home Office (Wood et al, 2009). A key objective of DAPPLE is to provide a better understanding of pollutant dispersion processes in realistic urban environments, such as a street canyon intersection studied here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracer Flux Balance at an Urban Canyon Intersection

Carpentieri

Robins

2010

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Despite their importance for pollutant dispersion in urban areas, the special features of dispersion at street intersections are rarely taken into account by operational air quality models. Several previous studies have demonstrated the complex flow patterns that occur at street intersections, even with simple geometry. This study presents results from wind tunnel experiments on a reduced scale model of a complex but realistic urban intersection, located in central London. Tracer concentration measurements were used to derive threedimensional maps of the concentration field within the intersection. In combination with a previous study (Carpentieri et al., Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 133:277-296) where the velocity field was measured in the same model, a methodology for the calculation of the mean tracer flux balance at the intersection was developed and applied. The calculation highlighted several limitations of current state-of-the-art canyon dispersion models, arising mainly from the complex geometry of the intersection. Despite its limitations, the proposed methodology could be further developed in order to derive, assess and implement street intersection dispersion models for complex urban areas.

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Section: Tracer Dispersion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracer Flux Balance at an Urban Canyon Intersection

Carpentieri

Robins

2010

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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“…Louka et al (2000) showed that turbulent fluctuations comprise a large portion of flow in a street canyon. Dispersion of pollutants in urban areas is strongly influenced by characteristic flow patterns (Allwine et al 2002;Wood et al 2009). However, the characterization of urban turbulent flow and dispersion particularly in densely built-up urban areas is still difficult because of their strong dependency on nearby building configurations as well as local meteorology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Turbulent Flow and Ozone at Rooftop and Sidewalk Sites in a High-Rise Building Area

Park¹,

Kwak²,

Han³

et al. 2015

SOLA

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Turbulent flow and ozone concentration at two (rooftop and sidewalk) sites in a high-rise building area of Seoul, Republic of Korea, were measured for the period of 24−27 June 2013 to examine their characteristics according to site location. During the observation period, the diurnal variations of air temperature, wind speed, and turbulent kinetic energy were distinct at both sites. The time series of ozone concentration exhibits a diurnal variation with daytime double peaks and one nighttime peak at both sites. The horizontal wind direction at the rooftop site has variations related to local winds, while the horizontal wind direction at the sidewalk site is mostly southerly (following a nearby street). The multiresolution spectra of horizontal and vertical velocities at the rooftop site confirm diurnal and turbulence-related variations. A quadrant analysis indicates that turbulence at the rooftop site is characterized by frequent ejections and less frequent but stronger sweeps, while turbulence at the sidewalk site is weaker and less characterizable than turbulence at the rooftop site.

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“…Salt Lake City (Allwine et al, 2002); London (Wood et al, 2009) -and wind tunnel work (e.g. the CEDVAL data-base at the University of Hamburg).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, a sufficiently large set of data is required to ensure statistical confidence in the results. Wind tunnel work undertaken in the Environmental Flow Research Centre (EnFlo) at the University of Surrey as part of the DAPPLE project (Dispersion of Air Pollutants and their Penetration into the Local Environment; Arnold et al, 2004;Wood et al, 2009) provides data that meet these requirements and has therefore been used for the model evaluation. The data and final reports from the project are freely available from www.dapple.org.uk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%