Dispersion and explosion characteristics of unconfined detonable aerosol and its consequence analysis to humans and buildings

Song, Xianzhao; Zhang, Jing; Zhang, Dan; Xie, Lifeng; Li, Bin

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2021.05.041

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Previous studies [ 29 , 30 ] are unable to clearly obtain the internal explosive void formed by the particle dispersal. Through the experimental method here, a circular explosion void was clearly observed as demonstrated in Figure 4 , which is defined as the region within the interface of the cloud, with a radius of R in .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal Characteristics Dependence on Mass Ratio for Explosively Driven Dry Powder Particle

et al. 2023

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An investigation on the dispersal characteristics of the cylindrically packed material of dry powder particles driven by explosive load is presented. By establishing a controllable experimental system under laboratory conditions and combining with near-field simulation, the particle dispersal process is described. Additionally, Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is observed during the process of jet deceleration dispersal. The characteristic parameters of radially propagated particles are explored under different mass ratio of particle-to-charge (M/C). Results indicate that, when the charge mass remains constant, an increase in M/C leads to a decrease in dispersed jet number, void radius and maximum velocity, wherein the maximum velocity correlates with calculations by the porous Gurney model. The case of the smaller M/C always has a higher outer-boundary radius and area expansion factor. Findings indicate that when particles detach from the jet upon reaching minimum acceleration and entering low-speed far-field stage from high-speed near-field stage, the outer-boundary radius is 30~36 times the initial particles’ body radius under different M/C. In addition, particle concentration distribution over time and distance is qualitatively analyzed by the grayscale image method. This research can be referential for improving the fire-extinguishing capacity of extinguishing bombs and the damage property of fuel air explosive (FAE).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal Characteristics Dependence on Mass Ratio for Explosively Driven Dry Powder Particle

et al. 2023

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“…When the flame spreads to a turbulent flow zone, its effective burning rate, flow rate in front of the flame, and turbulence are further increased. This powerful mechanism causes an acceleration of the flame and high burst pressures, in some cases detonation 21–23 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This powerful mechanism causes an acceleration of the flame and high burst pressures, in some cases detonation. [21][22][23] The toxic emission, fire, and explosion effects were investigated with ALOHA software under the same conditions for a direct source, by reducing the flow rate of H 2 S gas (5 m 3 /s). The threat zones obtained in this case are shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Direct Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Consequence analysis in industrial organizations containing H₂S gas through accident scenarios based on chemical source selection

Çetinyokuş

2023

Process Safety Progress

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H2S gas emissions occur in various processes, especially in the purification of polluted waters, mining, and petroleum refining processes and this extremely dangerous chemical has serious toxic emission, explosion, and fire effects. These physical effects vary considerably depending on the source strength. Therefore, consequence analyzes based on source strength models are critical components in the process of assessing hazards. In this study, a consequence analysis was performed with accident scenarios related to different sources of H2S gas. ALOHA 5.4.7 and EFFECTS 8.0.1 Software were used for physical effects modeling. Modeling studies were conducted on direct source (continuous release:100 m3/s, 5 m3/s), puddle source (100 m3, 5 m3), tank source (vertical‐horizontal cylindrical, spherical, 1.57 m3), and gas pipeline source with ALOHA Software. Possible Gas LOC (Levels of Concern) scenario Leak (G3) and Gas LOC scenario release in 10 min (G2) scenarios were studied with EFFECTS Software. When the results of both software were compared with each other, it was seen that the effects of thermal radiation and explosion were of similar order and value, and the toxic effect values were very different from each other. Both software allow for a release above ground level for gases that behave as neutrally buoyant. The main difference between the dispersion models used in the software is that the gas is assumed to behave as non‐interacting ideal gas in ALOHA, but in EFFECTS deviations from ideal gas are considered. And, ALOHA dispersion models use surface roughness lengths in a limited fashion and only include 60‐min AEGLs. ALOHA does not account for topographic steering or winds that vary with time in EFFECTS. It can be said that the results of the ALOHA Software are more conservative than the EFFECTS Software.

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“…The model assumed that the diameter of the fireball and the temperature of the fireball were constant (the maximum value). The transient growth process of the fireball and the exchange of conduction and convection during the heat radiation process were ignored [38]. However, in the actual explosion process, the characteristic parameters such as the rising height and the action time of the fireball were constantly changing with time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Damage Effects in the Deflagration Process of Typical Liquid Propellants

Sang

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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To study the damage effects caused by accidental deflagration of liquid propellants during production, storage, transportation and use, the information of the deflagration processes and the shock wave hazards of three typical liquid propellants under external flame stimulation were obtained by a high-speed camera and a shock wave pressure acquisition system. Additionally, in the same situation, the highest temperature of the surface fireball and the law of fireball of the thermal radiation were also studied by an infrared thermal imager and heat flux test system. High-speed video results showed that the fireball of DT-3 developed most violently of the three liquid propellants; anhydrous hydrazine took the second place and metallized gelled MMH was the weakest. The average TNT equivalents of 18 kg anhydrous hydrazine, 18 kg DT-3, 120 kg anhy-drous hydrazine and 120 kg DT-3 were 0.724, 0.629, 0.000375 and 0.0293 respectively. The peak values of thermal radiation flux were in the order of DT-3 > anhydrous hydrazine > metallized gelled methylhydrazine. The corresponding death radius in the accident was supposed to be 20-30 m. Experimental results indicated that package design pressure of liquid propellant had a significant effect on the intensity of the reaction response to the action of flame stimulation. Within a certain range, the package design pressure of liquid propellant should be appropriately reduced to improve its security in storage and use. The study provided a theoretical guidance for the explosion protection of liquid propellant in case of accidental deflagration.

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Dispersion and explosion characteristics of unconfined detonable aerosol and its consequence analysis to humans and buildings

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Dispersal Characteristics Dependence on Mass Ratio for Explosively Driven Dry Powder Particle

Dispersal Characteristics Dependence on Mass Ratio for Explosively Driven Dry Powder Particle

Consequence analysis in industrial organizations containing H₂S gas through accident scenarios based on chemical source selection

Comparative Study on the Damage Effects in the Deflagration Process of Typical Liquid Propellants

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Dispersion and explosion characteristics of unconfined detonable aerosol and its consequence analysis to humans and buildings

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Dispersal Characteristics Dependence on Mass Ratio for Explosively Driven Dry Powder Particle

Dispersal Characteristics Dependence on Mass Ratio for Explosively Driven Dry Powder Particle

Consequence analysis in industrial organizations containing H2S gas through accident scenarios based on chemical source selection

Comparative Study on the Damage Effects in the Deflagration Process of Typical Liquid Propellants

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Product

Resources

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Consequence analysis in industrial organizations containing H₂S gas through accident scenarios based on chemical source selection