Dispersion and Dissolution Effects During Ultrasonic Dispersion of Gleysolic Soils in Water and in Electrolytes

Hinds, A. A.; Lowe, L. E.

doi:10.4141/cjss80-035

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…It is therefore necessary to determine the ultrasonic energy for complete dispersion for every soil type studied. Another concern in the use of ultrasonic energy as a dispersion method is the risk of dissolution effects and abrasion of fragile minerals (Watson, 1971; Hinds & Lowe, 1980; Christensen, 1992). However, it is generally accepted that dissolution of minerals during ultrasonic dispersion is negligible (Gregorich et al ., 1988; Escudey et al ., 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redistribution of particulate organic matter during ultrasonic dispersion of highly weathered soils

Oorts

Vanlauwe²,

Recous³

et al. 2004

European J Soil Science

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Summary The use of ultrasonic energy for the dispersion of aggregates in studies of soil organic matter (SOM) fractionation entails a risk of redistribution of particulate organic matter (POM) to smaller particle‐size fractions. As the mechanical strength of straw also decreases with increasing state of decomposition, it can be expected that not all POM will be redistributed to the same extent during such dispersion. Therefore, we studied the redistribution of POM during ultrasonic dispersion and fractionation as a function of (i) dispersion energy applied and (ii) its state of decomposition. Three soils were dispersed at different ultrasonic energies (750, 1500 and 2250 J g−1 soil) or with sodium carbonate and were fractionated by particle size. Fraction yields were compared with those obtained with a standard particle‐size analysis. Undecomposed or incubated (for 2, 4 or 6 months) 13C‐enriched wheat straw was added to the POM fraction (0.25–2 mm) of one of the soils before dispersion and fractionation. Dispersion with sodium carbonate resulted in the weakest dispersion and affected the chemical properties of the fractions obtained through its high pH and the introduction of carbonate. The mildest ultrasonic dispersion treatment (750 J g−1) did not result in adequate soil dispersion as too much clay was still recovered in the larger fractions. Ultrasonic dispersion at 1500 J g−1 soil obtained a nearly complete dispersion down to the clay level (0.002 mm), and it did not have a significant effect on the total amount of carbon and nitrogen in the POM fractions. The 2250 J g−1 treatment was too destructive for the POM fractions since it redistributed up to 31 and 37%, respectively, of the total amount of carbon and nitrogen in these POM fractions to smaller particle‐size fractions. The amount of 13C‐enriched wheat straw that was redistributed to smaller particle‐size fractions during ultrasonic dispersion at 1500 J g−1 increased with increasing incubation time of this straw. Straw particles incubated for 6 months were completely transferred to smaller particle‐size fractions. Therefore, ultrasonic dispersion resulted in fractionation of POM, leaving only the less decomposed particles in this fraction. The amounts of carbon and nitrogen transferred to the silt and clay fractions were, however, negligible compared with the total amounts of carbon and nitrogen in these fractions. It is concluded that ultrasonic dispersion seriously affects the amount and properties of POM fractions. However, it is still considered as an acceptable and appropriate method for the isolation and study of SOM associated with silt and clay fractions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redistribution of particulate organic matter during ultrasonic dispersion of highly weathered soils

Oorts

Vanlauwe²,

Recous³

et al. 2004

European J Soil Science

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“…Even the techniques using element concentrations after dispersion as proxies for the extent of dispersion for particles or aggregates < 20 lm differ on their interpretation of the source of released cations. Hinds and Lowe (1980) found increased concentrations of dissolved Fe, Al, and Si in water after application of up to 2100 J cm -3 energy to samples from Gleysols with 15-51% clay and interpreted this observation to be a result of physical disintegration of clay-sized particles. Escudey et al (1989) later suggested that increases in waterextractable Fe, Al, and Si result from incomplete removal of fine, suspended colloidal particles from the supernatant prior to element analysis.…”

Section: Ultrasonication and Its Effects On Mineral And Organic Buildmentioning

confidence: 96%

How does sonication affect the mineral and organic constituents of soil aggregates?—A review

Kaiser

Berhe

2014

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Application of ultrasound to disperse soil aggregates has been critical in enabling researchers to separate and analyze aggregate building blocks that include organic and mineral particles as well as mineral associated organic matter. But the forces generated in the process may also alter the dispersion products and, thus, potentially interfere with the interpretation of experimental results. This review summarizes present knowledge on experimental conditions that may lead to physical damage and chemical modifications of aggregate building blocks. The energy level at which physical disintegration of organic particles could be detected was as low as 60 J mL -1 . Physical damage of sand-and silt-sized mineral particles was observed to commence at energy levels exceeding 700 J cm -3 . No evidence was found for the disintegration of particles within the clay-size fraction of soils even though studies analyzing pure minerals such as kaolinite revealed particle breakage after application of energy amounts > 12,000 J cm -3 . Here we outline a strategy to minimize artifacts such as physical damage of mineral or organic particles resulting from ultrasonication by adopting a stepwise dispersion protocol involving successively higher energy levels, accompanied by a sequential separation of organic and mineral compounds.

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“…Benke et al (1999) found a higher interaction of dissolved organic compounds from vinasse with iron oxides. The effect of vinasse on soil aggregation could be related to organic compounds that are incorporated into the samples, acting in the following ways: i) organic compounds protect the aggregates against the cavitation produced by ultrasonic irradiation in the soil-water suspension (Hinds and Lowe, 1980); ii) increasing the microbial activity, resulting in the production of polysaccharides, mucilage and fungal hyphae, which play an important role in soil aggregation (Oades, 1984).…”

Section: Effect Of Vinasse On Chemical Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregate breakdown and dispersion of soil samples amended with sugarcane vinasse

Ribeiro¹,

Lima²,

Curi³

et al. 2013

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Soil aggregation is a very complex issue related to important soil attributes and processes. The aggregate breakdown and dispersion of soil samples amended with sugarcane vinasse were evaluated using ultrasonic energy. Vinasse is an important byproduct of sugarcane industries, intensively applied to soils in Brazil as liquid fertilizer. Samples of two Oxisols and one Ultisol were used in this study. The physical and chemical characterization of soils was performed, and the 1 to 2 mm size aggregates (200 g) were packed in PVC columns (6.0 cm high and 4.0 cm internal diameter) and incubated with sugarcane vinasse under lab conditions for 1, 30 and 60 days. After incubation, aggregates were submitted to levels of ultrasonic energy, and the particle size distribution (53 to 2,000 µm, 2 to 53 µm, and < 2 µm fractions) was quantifi ed.Mathematical equations were used to relate the mass of aggregates in each of these fractions to the applied ultrasonic energy, and parameters related to aggregate stability were then obtained.Soils showed an aggregate-hierarchy resulting in a stepwise breakdown under ultrasonic agitation. Considering this soil-aggregation hierarchy, vinasse contributed even in a short time to the bonding between and within 2 to 53 µm aggregates, mainly in the Oxisols. This may be related to organic compounds present in the vinasse, cementing soil particles. Potassium enrichment of soil samples did not contribute to soil dispersion.

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Dispersion and Dissolution Effects During Ultrasonic Dispersion of Gleysolic Soils in Water and in Electrolytes

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Redistribution of particulate organic matter during ultrasonic dispersion of highly weathered soils

Redistribution of particulate organic matter during ultrasonic dispersion of highly weathered soils

How does sonication affect the mineral and organic constituents of soil aggregates?—A review

Aggregate breakdown and dispersion of soil samples amended with sugarcane vinasse

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